"Properties of Environmentally Friendly Cement Grouts for Soil Improvement - A Mini Review"

Abstract

Improvement of the mechanical properties and behavior of soils by permeation grouting, using either suspensions or chemical solutions, is frequently required in order to assure the safe construction and operation of many structures. Suspensions have lower cost and are harmless to the environment but cannot be injected into soils with gradations finer than coarse sands. Chemical solutions can be injected in fine sands or coarse silts but are more expensive and, some of them pose a health and environmental hazard. Efforts have been made to extend the injectability range of suspension grouts by developing environmentally friendly materials with very fine gradations. This paper reports on the effect of waterto-cement (W/C) ratio while giving information on the use of additives and chemical improvers in order to improve the suspensions properties such as bleeding and durability.