Properties of hydrogel for adsorbent textile dye waste based cellulose-carboxymethyl sago starch

Abstract

The use of a single natural polymer in hydrogel preparations is considered insufficient to produce hydrogels that are more durable, more stable, and stronger. Blends of various natural polymers can improve each sago other’s lack of physicochemical characteristics and produce new properties. This research combines two natural polymers, cellulose and starch. Cellulose isolation from Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed using acid hydrolysis and alkaline autoclaving method produced 14.01% cellulose. This study combined the results of cellulose isolation with carboxymethyl sago starch at 0.09; 0.14 and 0.24 mol/mol AGU. The isolated cellulose-carboxymethyl sago starch has the potential as a hydrogel material with the addition of crosslinkers such as epichlorohydrin (ECH). This study aims to synthesize hydrogels from cellulose-carboxymethyl sago starch with application as a textile dye waste absorbent with a concentration of epichlorohydrin (ECH) at 7.5%. Analysis of carboxymethyl sago starch is degrees of substitution, water-soluble index (WSI), and swelling power (SP). The hydrogel properties are characterized by the degree of swelling, degree of polymerization, FTIR, and SEM, and the hydrogel adsorption ability is characterized by adsorption efficiency using a microplate reader. The research results show that hydrogel can be synthesized optimally by adding carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) at 0.24 mol/mol AGU. The results of FTIR analysis are also by chemical measurements (swelling and gel fraction). In contrast, for maximum colour absorption, the addition of carboxymethyl sago starch is 0.09 mol/mol AGU for purple, yellow, and black and 0.14 mol/mol AGU for green color absorption. In conclusion, the adsorption ability of hydrogel in commercial textile dyes is maximum when the carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) is added at 0.09 mol/mol AGU with the best adsorption efficiency at purple 86.22%, yellow 77.40%, black 73.70% and at the addition of CMSS 0.14 mol/mol AGU the best adsorption efficiency in green is 73.46%.