Properties of medium-manganese steel processed by laser powder bed fusion: The effect of microstructure in as-built and intercritically annealed state on energy absorption during tensile and impact tests

Pawlak, A.; Dziedzic, Robert; Kasprowicz, Marcin; Stopyra, Wojciech; Kuźnicka, Bogumiła; Chlebus, Edward; Schob, Bernd; Zopp, Camilo; Kroll, Lothar; Kordass, Richard; Bohlen, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2023.144859

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

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“…As potential candidates in new advanced high-strength steels, medium-Mn steels are particularly attractive for manufacturing energy-absorbing parts of automotive body in white, because they possess an excellent strength-ductility combination and have a low cost. [1,2] Despite these attractive properties, the practical application of this steel grade is hindered by its relatively low yield strength (YS), which is ascribed to the soft matrix after intercritical annealing. [3,4] Considering the high safety standards and weight reduction in the future automotive industry, medium-Mn steels with high YS (>850 MPa) and low density should be designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Yield Strength and High‐Tensile‐Toughness Matching of Medium‐Mn Steel with Gradient Structure Developed by Cyclic Torsion

Zhang,

Su,

Liu

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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A multiphase‐gradient‐structured medium‐Mn steel with dislocation/stacking fault (SF) density gradient, austenite fraction gradient, and grain size gradient is designed and fabricated by cyclic torsion. It exhibits higher yield strength (YS) (942 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (1295 MPa), and tensile toughness (290 mJ mm−3) than its homogeneous counterpart (672, 1273 MPa, and 278 mJ mm−3, respectively). High‐density‐interlaced SFs are generated at the surface region because of the change in strain path and stress state during cyclic torsion. These massive interactive SFs promote the persistent martensite transformation of the retained austenite in the surface region within the entire uniform strain range. Therefore, in addition to the central layer, the surface region in the gradient structures provides strong strain hardening. Moreover, the continuous martensite transformation in the surface region allows the gradient structure to be retained even after tensile failure, which is beneficial for improving the heterogeneous‐deformation‐induced (HDI) hardening of the gradient‐structured sample during tensile deformation. Thus, the combination of active and persistent transformation‐induced plasticity effect and HDI hardening contributes to its excellent tensile toughness and ductility. Quantitative analysis indicates that HDI strengthening and dislocation strengthening play a dominant role in the sample's ultrahigh YS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Yield Strength and High‐Tensile‐Toughness Matching of Medium‐Mn Steel with Gradient Structure Developed by Cyclic Torsion

Zhang,

Su,

Liu

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Ways to increase the productivity of L-PBF processes

Kasprowicz¹,

Pawlak²,

Jurkowski³

et al. 2023

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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One of the main limitations of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies consists in the relatively low build rate. Low productivity discourages companies from investing in AM machines, thus limiting the market of additive technologies. Machine manufacturers have introduced new solutions to their designs to increase the build rate, some of them are described in this paper. However, design improvements are not the only method to accelerate the process. The paper specifies factors that influence the build rate in the laser powder bed fusion process and provides an analytical assessment and comparison of the significance of how they affect its productivity. The influence that a change in selected parameters has on the process and the influence of multi-laser systems on its productivity are analysed in terms of the melted material quality. The processes from which the data for analysis were obtained were carried out on an SLM 280 machine with single- and dual-laser versions as well as on an SLM 500 with four lasers. Two types of samples, solid and thin-walled, both of the same volume, were tested. The data under analysis were the process times for both geometries, manufactured with different sets of parameters from the adopted range. Processing times were analysed to determine the main effects and interaction effects for extreme values of a given parameter. The height of the melted powder layer had the greatest influence on the build rate, which turned out to be greater even than the application of a two-laser system.

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Recent Progress in Laser Powder Bed Fusions Processes of Advanced High-Strength Steels

Królicka,

Malawska

2024

Materials

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This review is focused on the perspectives of the application of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSSs) in the field of additive technologies directed at the laser powder bed fusion/selective laser melting processes. In principle, AHSSs require significant attention due to their promising mechanical properties for usage in the automotive industry towards reducing the weight of vehicles. Although additive manufacturing represents a promising perspective towards expanding the industrialization of AHSSs in a wider area of their applications, they have not been sufficiently investigated concerning their usage in LPBF/SLM processes. AM techniques enable the fabrication of complex machine parts, including those with a cellular structure, which can contribute to further reducing the weight of vehicles or structures. Maraging steels have recently attracted the attention of researchers, and today are a common grade of steel produced by LPBF techniques. The other group of AHSSs are high-Mn steels with an austenitic matrix characterized by the TRIP and TWIP effects. Less published research has been conducted on medium-Mn steels, which require additional intercritical annealing and preheating during printing. Moreover, the advanced bainitic steels and low-density, high-strength steels represent a new window for further research into the use of the LPBF processes for their fabrication.

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Properties of medium-manganese steel processed by laser powder bed fusion: The effect of microstructure in as-built and intercritically annealed state on energy absorption during tensile and impact tests

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Superior Yield Strength and High‐Tensile‐Toughness Matching of Medium‐Mn Steel with Gradient Structure Developed by Cyclic Torsion

Superior Yield Strength and High‐Tensile‐Toughness Matching of Medium‐Mn Steel with Gradient Structure Developed by Cyclic Torsion

Ways to increase the productivity of L-PBF processes

Recent Progress in Laser Powder Bed Fusions Processes of Advanced High-Strength Steels

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