Properties of Nano-Amendments and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Attributes of Tomato Plant

Abstract

The use of green nano-amendments is a promising approach for improving soil health and providing sustainable options to reduce root-knot nematodes (RKN) and thus increase yields. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics of nano-amendments such as nanobiochar (nB), green nanobiochar (GnB), and magnetic nanobiochar (MnB) and their effect on the root-knot nematodes and tomato yield at levels of 3 and 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil. The results showed that the GnB and MnB contain many functional groups (such as O-H, C=C, S-H, H-C=O, C-O, and H–O–H) and minerals (such as magnetite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, and quartz), and they also had an elevated specific surface area. The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth. The highest significant values of OM and MBC were found in the soil amended by GnB at 6 mg kg−1, with increases of 84.7% and 71.5% as compared to the control, respectively. GnB6 significantly decreased the number of root galls, the egg mass, and number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 77.67, 88.65, and 74.46%, respectively, compared to the control. Green nanobiochar was more efficient in accelerating the growth and yield components of the tomato plant. The addition of GnB is an effective strategy and an environmentally friendly technology to control plant parasitic nematodes and increase tomato yield. Therefore, the results recommend adding GnB at a rate of 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil.

Green iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic nanobiochar: enhancing tomato performance, phytochemicals, and root-knot nematode resistance

“…The results showed the spinel phase structure of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), Fe 3 O 4 TiO, and ferrous sulfate monohydrate, which is consistent with the XRD standard for magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [ 24 ]. Note that the XRD of GnFe and GMnB in the peaks as organic substances, Ca, Al, Mn, and PO 4 ; were due to polyphenol groups or other biomolecules containing Ca, Al, Mn, and PO 4 ; present in the compost tea.…”

“…1.2 g of magnetic nanobiochar MnB (magnetic nanobiochar has been previously synthesized by Khader et al [ 24 ]) was combined with 200 mL of compost tea for 0.5 h at 25 °C. The resulting mixture was subsequently vacuum-filtered to isolate the solid nanoparticles, which were then washed three times using ethanol and distilled water, respectively, and then centrifuged at 1000 rpm for a total of three minutes before being air-dried at 35 °C for 24 h.…”

Definitive Review of Nanobiochar

“…Goat manure derived nanobiochar increased wheat plant height (11%) and crop dry weight (25%), while enhancing plant nitrogen and copper uptake . Similarly, several other reports exist where significant increases in biomass weights and plant heights occurred with nanobiochar addition. ,,− …”

“… 114 Similarly, several other reports exist where significant increases in biomass weights and plant heights occurred with nanobiochar addition. 114 , 153 , 229 − 231 …”

Nanocomposites in agriculture as pesticides for plant protection: a review

“…These materials create physical barriers that deter nematodes or inhibit their movement. They can also alter the soil environment, making it less hospitable to nematode survival and reproduction [95]. NCs can also be used to enhance nematicidal plants.…”