Properties of Natural Rubber Filled with Ultra Fine Acrylate Rubber Powder

Abstract

Properties of natural rubber (NR) filled with various loadings of ultra-fine vulcanized acrylate rubber powder (ACMP) were investigated. ACMP loading was varied from 0 to 20 phr and, after compounding, the compound properties were determined. Results reveal that increasing ACMP loading leads to improved processability, as evidenced by the reduction of both mixing energy and Mooney viscosity. ACMP, however, has negative effect on cure, that is, both scorch time and optimum cure time are prolonged while the state of cure is reduced with increasing ACMP loading. Due to the reinforcing effect of the fine ACMP particles, both modulus and hardness are found to increase consecutively with increasing ACMP loading. The tensile strength is also found to improve with increasing ACMP loading up to 10 phr. However, due to the cure retardation effect and the high thermoplastic nature, the presence of ACMP causes deterioration of elasticity. As ACMP is highly polar and fully saturated, the addition of ACMP enhances the resistance to oil and thermal aging of the

Reinforcement of Bakelite Moulding Powder in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR): In Comparison with Cashew Nut Oil Modified Phenolic Resin

“…Despite the extremely low swelling degree, modulus of the rubber vulcanisates tends to increase slightly (10-20%) whereas the elongation at break is slightly decreased (<18%) after oil immersion which could be attributed to the more tightened rubber network in the swollen specimens. Similar findings have previously been reported [19,20]. Taking as a whole, the densely crosslinked and heavily filled NBR vulcanisates possess an excellent oil resistance and, thus, the effects of resin type and content on oil resistance of the NBR vulcanisates are not obvious (the variations found herein are within the experimental error limits), even though the addition of crosslinked phenolic resin into the rubber network should theoretically increase oil resistance of the rubber vulcanisates due to the existence of additional resin network which can resist the oil swelling.…”

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

“…The main factors of mechanical energy dissipation of the tip and consequent phase change are the viscoelastic, adhesive and topographical properties of the region being examined. In addition, it allows to obtain new information about the polymers surface such as tribological data [3] , local contaminants [6] , morphology [17, , distribution of phases in blends and composites [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] , compatibility between the phases of polymer blends and interaction between nanocomposites phases [48][49][50][51][52][53][54] , polymeric chains conformation [7,38] , cross-link density [55][56][57] , dispersion of fillers in the polymeric matrix [10,12,16,48,49,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] , among other applications.…”

“…AFM study gives a higher particle thickness which may be due to the tip broadening effect. In a similar work, Sae-Oui et al [58] prepared nanocomposites NR/acrylate rubber powder (ACMP) in an internal mixer, and studied the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix by AFM. A high level of ACMP dispersion was achieved in concentrations until 5 phr.…”

Optimization of accelerators on curing characteristics, tensile, and dynamic mechanical properties of (natural rubber)/(recycled ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer) blends

“…It was found that the M H value of TMTD-based NR/(R-EPDM) was higher than those of CBS, TBBS, and MBT, respectively, which indicated that the TMTD-based NR/(R-EPDM) might have affected the stiffness or hardness of the blends rather than those CBS-, TBBS-, and MBT-accelerated NR/(R-EPDM) blends. High stiffness could lead to a higher restriction to molecular motion of the macromolecule or tended to impose extra resistance to flow and led to high stiffness [28,29].…”