Properties of Ni1−xFex (0.1&lt;x&lt;0.9) and Invar (x=0.64) alloys obtained by electrodeposition

Tabaković, Ibro; Inturi, V. R.; Thurn, Jeremy; Kief, M. T.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.095

Cited by 66 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The single α phase exists in the compositions with less than 36 wt % Ni, and the single γ′ phase exists in the compositions of more than 41 wt % Ni. The authors of a previous study [4] reported similar results concerning the relation between the phases and the alloy compositions in electrodeposits fabricated using bath conditions and process parameters that differ from those used in the present work. The broadening of the peaks observed in the XRD patterns of the as-deposited state are attributed to the electroformed Fe-Ni alloy that consists of nanometer-sized crystallites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

The Gain of Low Thermal Expansivity via Phase Transition in Electroformed Invar

Park

Kim

2018

Coatings

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Abstract:In the organic light-emitting diode display industry, Invar exhibits anomalously low thermal expansivity and is, therefore, used as a material for fine metal masks, which are necessary components for the evaporation process of diode materials. We present an electroforming method for fabricating Fe-Ni alloys with a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than that of conventional Invar. The principle of controlling the thermal expansivity of electroformed Fe-Ni alloys is clarified in terms of the behavior of the phases constituting them. The cause of the Invar anomalies, which has not yet been fully elucidated, is explained by combining the Weiss model based on the electron configurations of Fe atoms and a model that we propose based on atom configurations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

The Gain of Low Thermal Expansivity via Phase Transition in Electroformed Invar

Park

Kim

2018

Coatings

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“…25 The resultant stress of the NiFe films -deposited on 6 in round alumina coated AlTiC wafers on Cu-seed layers-was obtained from the measured substrate curvature and calculated via Stoney's equation. 31 Magnetostriction was measured by a Lafouda instrument based on a cantilever technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of SR ranges from 1.0 (for non-anomalous codeposition) to 15 (for anomalous codeposition). The variation of composition of NiFe films affects the following properties of deposit: (i) stress, 23 (ii) magnetostriction, 24 (iii) crystal structure, 25 and (iv) grain size. 26 Thereby, the resulting changes profoundly influence the magnetic behavior of electrodeposited NiFe alloys, which was demonstrated recently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anomalous Codeposition offccNiFe Nanowires with 5–55% Fe and Their Morphology, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties

Dragos

Chiriac

Lupu

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrodeposition of NiFe nanowires-with the length ∼3.0 μm and diameter 200 nm-using the porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates on the sputtered Au-back electrode (300 nm) using sulfate/chloride electrolyte solution and potential pulsed deposition. The electrode area of Au-AAO template, determined by the reversible one-electron transfer oxidation of K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , used as a probe in CV, was found to be ∼2.4 times larger than Au-thin film electrode. The anomalous codeposition phenomenon known as a ,,volcano" type curve-with a maximum in Fe-content in NiFe as a function of the applied potential-was observed in the literature. The observed results were explained through the limited mass transport of Fe +2 ions after the peak. This explanation is partially correct, but not complete. The electrodeposition of NiFe nanowire in this work resulted in a similar "volcano" type curve. The alternative explanation of anomalous codeposition-through the surface concentration of H + dependent adsorption/desorption of FeOH + and NiOH + electroactive species-was proposed. The electrodeposition of NiFe nanowire arrays using a designed pulse potential method produced fcc NiFe nanowires with 5-55% Fe with controlled composition, length, and uniformity.The distinct decrease of parallel coercivity of NiFe nanowire arrays having the same length was observed with increase of Fe-content in NiFe, which also correlates with the increase of their magnetic saturation. 12 The studies on magnetic properties of NiFe nanowire arrays were intensified during last 15 years. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The electrodeposition of NiFe alloys exhibits a phenomenon known as an anomalous codeposition, which is characterized by the anomaly that less noble metal, i.e. Fe, deposits preferentially. 21 The extent of anomalous codeposition can be evaluated by the "selectivity ratio" (SR), which is defined as an atomic ratio of Fe/Ni in the deposit to the molar ratio of Fe +2 /Ni +2 in the electrolyte. 22 The SR is dependent on solution condition (pH, presence of organic additives, concentration of electrolytes, temperature, etc), method of electrodeposition (constant current density, controlled potential, pulsed current or potential), and the thickness of deposit. The value of SR ranges from 1.0 (for non-anomalous codeposition) to 15 (for anomalous codeposition). The variation of composition of NiFe films affects the following properties of deposit: (i) stress, 23 (ii) magnetostriction, 24 (iii) crystal structure, 25 and (iv) grain size. 26 Thereby, the resulting changes profoundly influence the magnetic behavior of electrodeposited NiFe alloys, which was demonstrated recently. 27The present work describes the method of electrodeposition of NiFe nanowires into anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with the controlled elemental composition using designed potential pulse electrodeposition. We report here a new explanation for the observed anomalous codeposition of NiFe in nanowires, through the surface concentration of H + dependent adsorption/...

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“…It is shown that an increase in pH from 2.1 to 4.3 leads to a decrease in the magnitude of magnetic saturation, while the values of coercive force pass the minimum at pH 2.9. [11] examined a possibility of the modification of magnetic and mechanical properties of the Ni-Fe alloys by changing the phase composition during thermal treatment of coatings.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of microhardness of such coatings amount to 656 kg/cm 2 . Saccharin is used in the sulfate and chloride deposition electrolytes of the Ni-Fe alloy for reducing the internal stresses of precipitations [9,11]. Saccharin was introduced in [19] to the sulfate electrolyte for obtaining smooth precipitations with low internal stresses.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%