Properties of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Producing-Bacillus Species Isolated From Ogi Liquor and Lemon-Ogi Liquor

Ajayeoba, Titilayo Adenike; Dula, Stanley; Ijabadeniyi, Oluwatosin Ademola

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00771

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…γ-PGA itself has bioactive properties: it stimulates and improves immune activity potentially by modulating gut microbiota and also suppresses pathogen growth [ 50 ]. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that γ-PGA acts as an enhancer of glucose tolerance in animal feeding studies and 3T3-L1 cell culture studies [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Components Of Soybeans That Function As Prebiotics To Redmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-PGA-Rich Chungkookjang, Short-Term Fermented Soybeans: Prevents Memory Impairment by Modulating Brain Insulin Sensitivity, Neuro-Inflammation, and the Gut–Microbiome–Brain Axis

Jeong¹,

Ryu²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Foods

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Fermented soybean paste is an indigenous food for use in cooking in East and Southeast Asia. Korea developed and used its traditional fermented foods two thousand years ago. Chungkookjang has unique characteristics such as short-term fermentation (24–72 h) without salt, and fermentation mostly with Bacilli. Traditionally fermented chungkookjang (TFC) is whole cooked soybeans that are fermented predominantly by Bacillus species. However, Bacillus species are different in the environment according to the regions and seasons due to the specific bacteria. Bacillus species differently contribute to the bioactive components of chungkookjang, resulting in different functionalities. In this review, we evaluated the production process of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-rich chungkookjang fermented with specific Bacillus species and their effects on memory function through the modulation of brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and the gut–microbiome–brain axis. Bacillus species were isolated from the TFC made in Sunchang, Korea, and they included Bacillus (B.) subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. amyloliquefaciens. Chungkookjang contains isoflavone aglycans, peptides, dietary fiber, γ-PGA, and Bacillus species. Chungkookjangs made with B. licheniformis and B. amyloliquefaciens have higher contents of γ-PGA, and they are more effective for improving glucose metabolism and memory function. Chungkookjang has better efficacy for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress than other fermented soy foods. Insulin sensitivity is improved, not only in systemic organs such as the liver and adipose tissues, but also in the brain. Chungkookjang intake prevents and alleviates memory impairment induced by Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia. This review suggests that the intake of chungkookjang (20–30 g/day) rich in γ-PGA acts as a synbiotic in humans and promotes memory function by suppressing brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation and by modulating the gut–microbiome–brain axis.

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Section: Components Of Soybeans That Function As Prebiotics To Redmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-PGA-Rich Chungkookjang, Short-Term Fermented Soybeans: Prevents Memory Impairment by Modulating Brain Insulin Sensitivity, Neuro-Inflammation, and the Gut–Microbiome–Brain Axis

Jeong¹,

Ryu²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…In this study, we entrapped fenofibrate in ANs and modified the surfaces of F/ANs with anti-CD3e f(ab’)2 antibody fragments. The nanoparticle is based on the amphiphilic derivative of poly (γ-glutamic acid) which is natural biopolymer produced from Bacillus species [ 30 ]. Due to the biocompatibility and biodegradability, poly (γ-glutamic acid)-based biomaterials have been studied for delivery systems of various active substances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Mediated Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming of T Cells in Tumor Microenvironments for Immunometabolic Therapy

Kim

et al. 2021

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Highlights aCD3/F/AN, anti-CD3e f(ab′)2 fragment-modified and fenofibrate-encapsulated amphiphilic nanoparticle, reprogrammed mitochondrial lipid metabolism of T cells. aCD3/F/AN specifically activated T cells in glucose-deficient conditions mimicking tumor microenvironment, and exerted an effector killing effect against tumor cells. In vivo treatment with aCD3/F/AN increased T cell infiltration, cytokine production, and prevented tumor growth. Abstract We report the activation of anticancer effector functions of T cells through nanoparticle-induced lipid metabolic reprogramming. Fenofibrate was encapsulated in amphiphilic polygamma glutamic acid-based nanoparticles (F/ANs), and the surfaces of F/ANs were modified with an anti-CD3e f(ab′)2 fragment, yielding aCD3/F/ANs. An in vitro study reveals enhanced delivery of aCD3/F/ANs to T cells compared with plain F/ANs. aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells exhibited clear mitochondrial cristae, a higher membrane potential, and a greater mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate under glucose-deficient conditions compared with T cells treated with other nanoparticle preparations. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and downstream fatty acid metabolism-related genes are expressed to a greater extent in aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells. Activation of fatty acid metabolism by aCD3/F/ANs supports the proliferation of T cells in a glucose-deficient environment mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Real-time video recordings show that aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells exerted an effector killing effect against B16F10 melanoma cells. In vivo administration of aCD3/F/ANs can increase infiltration of T cells into tumor tissues. The treatment of tumor-bearing mice with aCD3/F/ANs enhances production of various cytokines in tumor tissues and prevented tumor growth. Our findings suggest the potential of nanotechnology-enabled reprogramming of lipid metabolism in T cells as a new modality of immunometabolic therapy.

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“…is one of the most investigated microbial groups because they can produce varieties of biotechnological applicable substances such as γ–PGA, amylase, protease, etc. [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…γ–PGA and its derivatives have broad applications and they are widely used in the food industry as a food supplement for the promotion of adsorption of bioavailable minerals such as Ca 2+ [ 31 ], in medicine as a drug carrier [ 32 ], tissue engineering [ 33 ], bioremediation [ 34 ] and other purposes such as moisturizer [ 35 ] , biocontrol agent [ 36 ], biodegradable plastic [ 3 ], antibacterial agent [ 9 ] and many more. Various substrates such as cane molasses, glucose, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and characterization of potent poly glutamic acid producing Bacillus sp. isolated from Kinema, water and soil samples

Thapa

Khadka

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Microbially produced gamma poly glutamic acid (γ–PGA) is a commercially important biopolymer with many applications in foods and various other substances and are abundantly used in different parts of the world. With an aim to study the potent γ–PGA producing Bacillus species, a total of 47 different samples ( Kinema , soil, and water) were randomly collected from different locations across the country, and Bacillus sp. were selectively isolated, screened, and characterized by performing physiological, biochemical, morphological, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial production of γ–PGA was assayed with the selected isolates on the PGA medium and the metabolite obtained was recovered by ethanol precipitation method and further characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Thermotolerance (25–60 °C), pH tolerance (4–9), and NaCl tolerance (1–9%) tests were performed to optimize the bacterial growth and γ–PGA production and its viscosity were measured by Ostwald's viscometer. Out of 145 randomly selected colonies, 63 isolates were Gram-positive, rods, and endospore producers and were presumptively confirmed as genus Bacillus. Higher growth of γ–PGA producers were reported in 22 isolates and was found at optimum conditions such as temperature (30–37 °C), pH (6.5–7), incubation time (3 days), and NaCl concentration (3%) and γ–PGA thus produced was further verified by TLC with the retention factor (RF) value 0.27. The potent isolates were closely similar to Bacillus subtilis subsp . stercoris , Bacillus cereus , Bacillus paranthracis, and Bacillus licheniformis etc . Based on the findings of the study, B . licheniformis is the most potent γ–PGA producing Bacillus sp. which can further be used for the commercial production of γ–PGA. To the best of our knowledge, there is yet no published research from Nepal showing the production of the γ–PGA although microbially produced γ–PGA are the major constituents in some popular foods in particular communities of the country.

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Properties of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Producing-Bacillus Species Isolated From Ogi Liquor and Lemon-Ogi Liquor

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

γ-PGA-Rich Chungkookjang, Short-Term Fermented Soybeans: Prevents Memory Impairment by Modulating Brain Insulin Sensitivity, Neuro-Inflammation, and the Gut–Microbiome–Brain Axis

γ-PGA-Rich Chungkookjang, Short-Term Fermented Soybeans: Prevents Memory Impairment by Modulating Brain Insulin Sensitivity, Neuro-Inflammation, and the Gut–Microbiome–Brain Axis

Nanoparticle-Mediated Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming of T Cells in Tumor Microenvironments for Immunometabolic Therapy

Screening and characterization of potent poly glutamic acid producing Bacillus sp. isolated from Kinema, water and soil samples

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