Properties of projectile fragments from 12C-emulsion interactions at4.5A GeV/c

Precise Measurement of Cosmic‐Ray Proton and Helium Spectra with the BESS Spectrometer

“…Atmospheric secondary helium above 1 GeV nucleon~1 is dominated by fragments of heavier cosmic-ray nuclei (mainly carbon and oxygen). The Ñux ratio of the atmospheric secondary helium to the primary carbon and oxygen was calculated to be 0.14 at a depth of 5 g cm~2, based on the total inelastic cross sections of CNO]Air interactions and the helium multiplicity in 12C ] CNO interactions (Ahmad, Khan, & Hasan 1989). The total correction of atmospheric secondary helium due to all nuclei with Z [ 2 was estimated to be 1.6%^0.5% at 1 GeV nucleon~1 and 2.1%^0.6% at 10 GeV nucleon~1.…”

Study of events in absence of target/projectile fragments in interactions of nuclei with emulsion at 4.5 and

“…In Ref. [22] the mean value of He fragments in interaction of 12 C with emulsion for events having N h = 0 was found to be 1.43 ± 0.05. Our result is in excellent agreement with this value.…”

“…Fig. 2(a)-(c) illustrates the normalized multiplicity distributions of PFs (N P , N α , N F ) from interactions of 4 He, 12 C, 16 O, 22 Ne and 28 Si nuclei for events satisfying N h = 0. One notes that: in Fig.…”

“…In Table 1 we present the mean multiplicities of PFs with different charges and the pions produced in interactions of 4 He, 12 C, 16 O, 22 Ne and 28 Si nuclei at 4.1-4.5 A GeV/c in emulsion, for events satisfying N h = 0. It can be noted that the mean multiplicities of PFs increases with A p .…”

“…In this paper we present experimental results on the interactions in nuclear emulsions of 4 He, 12 C, 16 O, 22 Ne and 28 Si nuclei at 4.1-4.5 A GeV/c. The aim of this work is to study two types of interactions: (a) events in which N h = 0 (N h = N b + N g ), i.e.…”