Properties of Sea Water

Fabuss, B. M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-658702-9.50012-8

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The following procedure was used for the calculations of voll1metric Pitzer's ion interaction parameters. Using essentiall y all published relevant data, a complete database for the den- ,20,21,33 19,22,25,[34][35][36][37]38 NaCI 5,15,16,[19][20][21]25,12,22,27,32,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]33,35,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]35,39,41,11,22,25,32,33,…”

Section: Calculations Of Volumetric Ion Interaction Parameters For Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric Properties of Single Aqueous Electrolytes from Zero to Saturation Concentration at 298.15 °K Represented by Pitzer’s Ion-Interaction Equations

Krumgalz

Pogorelsky

Pitzer

1996

Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

115

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The ion interaction approach developed by Pitzer allows the prediction of various thermodynamic characteristics of multiple-solute electrolyte solutions, if the respective parameters for each type of single-solute electrolyte solution are known. The present paper discusses the Pitzer approach to the calculations of the volumetric properties of single-solute electrolyte solutions. The databases for the densities and the apparent molal volumes versus concentrations were created at 298.15 °K using essentially all published relevant data for each single-solute electrolyte solution. Poor experimental data were discarded by a statistical treatment applied to these databases. Proper treatment of all good quality density and apparent molal volume data, in a wide range of concentrations from infinite dilution through saturation, allowed us to evaluate the volumetric ion interaction parameters (V̄0MX, βMX(0)V, βMX(1)V, βMX(2)V, and CMXV) at 298.15 °K for 102 electrolytes. Strong linear relationships between the βMX(1)V, βMX(2)V, or CMXV, and βMX(0)V volumetric ion interaction parameters were observed for all analyzed solutes with slopes depending on the solute valency types.

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Section: Calculations Of Volumetric Ion Interaction Parameters For Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric Properties of Single Aqueous Electrolytes from Zero to Saturation Concentration at 298.15 °K Represented by Pitzer’s Ion-Interaction Equations

Krumgalz

Pogorelsky

Pitzer

1996

Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

115

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“…It is obvious that the increased concentration of the solutes will decrease the vapor pressure of water, which drives the water vapor flux. For example, the values of the vapor pressure for NaCl solutions of 34.4 and 130 salinity at 80°C are 348.5 and 324.5 mm Hg, respectively 21. In spite of high concentration factor, cleaning the membranes with diluted acid and NaCl solution restored the water vapor flux to more than 95% of the original value 8, 9.…”

Section: Concentrating Artificial Sea Water In a Countercurrent Cascamentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination with a cascade of cross-flow hollow fiber membrane distillation devices integrated with a heat exchanger

et al. 2010

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Cost-efficient desalination technology was developed successfully by integrating a countercurrent cascade of the novel cross-flow direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) devices and solid polymeric hollow fiber-based heat exchange devices. Simulations have been carried out for the whole DCMD cascade to project values of gained output ratio (GOR) as a function of the number of DCMD stages as well as other important factors in the cascade vis-a`-vis the temperatures and flow rates of the incoming hot brine and cold distillate streams. The simulation results were verified with experimental results from cascades consisting of two to eight stages. The numerical simulator predicts a GOR of 12 when unequal flow rates of the incoming brine and distillate streams are used. An artificial sea water was concentrated eight times successfully when a countercurrent cascade composed of four stages of the DCMD modules and a heat exchanger was used during the DCMD process.

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“…Concrete exposed to seawater subjected to wetting by an aqueous solution containing principally dissolved sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate [27,28,29]. Several researchers discussed the feasibility of using seawater for mixing and curing concrete [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The order of the other cations is magnesium "Mg 2+ " < calcium "Ca 2+ " < < potassium "K + " < "Sr 2+ ". The major anions include CL -, which is also not strongly complex, and HCO3 -, SO4 -, Br -, and Fwhich are expressed as milligrams per liter of Emam E. A. and Bashandy A.A., "The Performance of Self-curing Concrete Cast using Seawater " seawater with less significance in the charge balance of seawater [31,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of Self-curing Concrete Cast using Seawater

Bashandy

Emam

2023

ERJ. Engineering Research Journal

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Construction engineering in coastal areas is facing the challenge of a shortage of fresh water for mixing and curing. The quality of water places an important role in the setting and strength development of concrete structures. This research aims to study the feasibility of using seawater to cast and curing plain concrete for non-structural uses. Samples were cast using tap water or seawater and then cured using tap water or seawater up to testing ages. Concrete properties were studied in terms of compressive, tensile, flexure, and bond strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days of age. Test results showed that the self-curing concrete with Polyethylene Glycol 400 performed better in its main mechanical properties compared to conventional concrete. The compressive strength and subsequently the other related strengths of concrete were shown to increase for specimens mixed and cured with seawater at early ages up to 7 days, while a definite decrease in the respective strengths was observed for ages more than 28 days and up to 56 days. The reduction in strength increases with an increase in exposure time, which may be due to salt crystallization formation affecting the strength gain.

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Properties of Sea Water

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Volumetric Properties of Single Aqueous Electrolytes from Zero to Saturation Concentration at 298.15 °K Represented by Pitzer’s Ion-Interaction Equations

Volumetric Properties of Single Aqueous Electrolytes from Zero to Saturation Concentration at 298.15 °K Represented by Pitzer’s Ion-Interaction Equations

Desalination with a cascade of cross-flow hollow fiber membrane distillation devices integrated with a heat exchanger

The Performance of Self-curing Concrete Cast using Seawater

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