Properties of six pesticide degradation plasmids isolated from Alcaligenes paradoxus and Alcaligenes eutrophus

Don, R. H.; Pemberton, John

doi:10.1128/jb.145.2.681-686.1981

Cited by 502 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Likewise, in one of ¢ve well-known phenol degraders the acquisition of pRO103 did not result in the ability to degrade PAA. Other studies have found that catabolic genes when present in some host strains are not always properly expressed [8,11,30]. This could be due to e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhanced degradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by horizontal transfer of the tfdA gene encoding a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dioxygenase

Lipthay

Barkay

Sørensen

2001

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Few studies have investigated the possible impact of in situ gene transfer on the degradation of xenobiotic compounds in natural environments. In this work we showed that horizontal transfer of the tfdA gene, carried on plasmid pRO103, to phenol degrading recipient strains significantly increased the degradation rate of phenoxyacetic acid in sterile and non-sterile soil microcosms. The tfdA gene encodes a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase and by complementation with the phenol degradation pathway an expanded catabolic substrate range, now including phenoxyacetic acid, is evolved. Presence of selective pressure had a positive effect on the emergence of transconjugants. However, even in the absence of phenoxyacetic acid transconjugant populations were detected and were kept at a constant level throughout the experimental period. The residuesphere (interface between decaying plant material and soil matrix) of dry leaves of barley was shown to be a hot-spot for gene transfer and presence of barley straw increased the conjugation frequencies in soil microcosms to the same extent as presence of organic nutrients. The results of this study indicate that dissemination of catabolic plasmids is a possible mechanism of genetic adaptation to degradation of xenobiotic compounds in natural environments, and that complementation of catabolic pathways possibly plays an important role in the evolution of new degradative capabilities. The application of horizontal gene transfer as a possible tool in bioremediation of contaminated sites is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhanced degradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by horizontal transfer of the tfdA gene encoding a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dioxygenase

Lipthay

Barkay

Sørensen

2001

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…The involvement of plasmids in the degradation of 2,4-D was first demonstrated by Pemberton and co-workers in Alcaligenes paradoxus strain JMPll6, which contained the plasmid pJP1 [156,369]. Several indistinguishable plasmids, which encoded the degradation of 2,4-D and MCPA, were later isolated from strains of A. paradoxus and A. eutrophus [158,370]. Plasmids encoding the degradation of 2,4-D have been found in numerous other bacteria as well [159,161,162].…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Degradation and Construction Of Novel Strainsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Häggblom

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

363

132

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Considerable progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the mechanisms of microbial degradation of halogenated aromatic compounds. Much is already known about the degradation mechanisms under aerobic conditions, and metabolism under anaerobiosis has lately received increasing attention. The removal of the halogen substituent is a key step in degradation of halogenated aromatics. This may occur as an initial step via reductive, hydrolytic or oxygenolytic mechanisms, or after cleavage of the aromatic ring at a later stage of metabolism. In addition to degradation, several biotransformation reactions, such as methylation and polymerization, may take place and produce more toxic or recalcitrant metabolites. Studies with pure bacterial and fungal cultures have given detailed information on the biodegradation pathways of several halogenated aromatic compounds. Several of the key enzymes have been purified or studied in cell extracts, and there is an increasing understanding of the organization and regulation of the genes involved in haloaromatic degradation. This review will focus on the biodegradation and biotransformation pathways that have been established for halogenated phenols, phenoxyalkanoic acids, benzoic acids, benzenes, anilines and structurally related halogenated aromatic pesticides. There is a growing interest in developing microbiological methods for clean‐up of soil and water contaminated with halogenated aromatic compounds.

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“…[52] and in Alcaligenes sp. [53]. Genes for CO metabolism are located on a 128-kb endogenous plasmid in Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 [541.…”

Section: The Possible Role Of Endogenous Plasmids In Carbon and Nitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical genetics revisited: the use of mutants to study carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria

Willison¹

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The biochemical genetics approach is defined as the use of mutants, in comparative studies with the wild‐type, to obtain information about biochemical and physiological processes in complex metabolic systems. This approach has been used extensively, for example in studies on the bioenergetics of the photosynthetic bacteria, but has been applied less frequently to studies of intermediary carbon and nitrogen metabolism in phototrophic organisms. Several important processes in photosynthetic bacteria—the regulation of nitrogenase synthesis and activity, the control of intracellular redox balance during photoheterotrophic growth, and chemotaxis—have been shown to involve metabolism. However, current understanding of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in these organisms is insufficient to allow a complete understanding of these phenomena. The purpose of the present review is to give an overview of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria, with particular emphasis on work carried out with mutants, and to indicate areas in which the biochemical genetics approach could be applied successfully. In particular, it will be argued that, in the case of Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rb. sphaeroides, two species which are fast‐growing, possess a versatile metabolism, and have been extensively studied genetically, it should be possible to obtain a complete, integrated description of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and to undertake a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flow of carbon and reducing equivalents during photoheterotrophic growth. This would require a systematic biochemical genetic study employing techniques such as HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry, which are briefly discussed. The review is concerned mainly with Rb. capsulatus and Rb. sphaeroides, since most studies with mutants have been carried out with these organisms. However, where possible, a comparison is made with other species of purple non‐sulphur bacteria and with purple and green sulphur bacteria, and recent literature relevant to these organisms has been cited.

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Properties of six pesticide degradation plasmids isolated from Alcaligenes paradoxus and Alcaligenes eutrophus

Cited by 502 publications

References 23 publications

Enhanced degradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by horizontal transfer of the tfdA gene encoding a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dioxygenase

Enhanced degradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by horizontal transfer of the tfdA gene encoding a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dioxygenase

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Biochemical genetics revisited: the use of mutants to study carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria

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