Properties of soft Bangkok clay stabilized with cement and fly ash geopolymer for deep mixing application

Suksiripattanapong, Cherdsak; Sakdinakorn, Ratchanon; Tiyasangthong, Sermsak; Wonglakorn, Nattiya; Phetchuay, Chayakrit; Tabyang, Wisitsak

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01081

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To prepare the samples, the soft Bangkok clay, fly ash, and cement are mixed for two minutes. The alkali activators are then added, and the mixture should be mixed for about three minutes [9].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Stabilization of Soft Soils with Geopolymerization of Industrial Wastes

Wassie¹,

Demir²

2023

IJEM

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Geopolymers are inorganic aluminosilicate polymers that solidify into ceramic-like substances at temperatures close to ambient. The elements in silicate oxide (SiO 2 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) are essential for the hardening of geopolymers because they combine with other elements to create N-A-S-H formation, which gives the material its distinctive strength. Geopolymers based on industrial wastes are increasingly being used to stabilize soft soils. Fly ash, GGBS, metakaolin, glass powders, and others are a few of the industrial wastes that aid in synthesizing geopolymers. Several experimental studies were carried out to determine the mechanical strength, durability, and microstructure improvement of soft soils stabilized with geopolymers. Some of the experiments include X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), unconfined compression testing (UCS), and durability testing. The main objective of this review was to assess the different types of binders, binder ratios, alkali activator types, alkali activator concentrations, and other parameters used in synthesizing geopolymers. The binder's proportion varies between 5% and 30% of the soil's dry weight. Researchers commonly use sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for the alkali activator. Since the unconfined compression test is one of the quickest and least expensive ways to determine shear strength, most researchers were used to measure stabilized soils' mechanical strength. This paper highlights the most frequently used industrial wastes used to synthesize geopolymers. The review enables researchers to acquire essential and complementary inputs for future research.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suksiripattanapong et al [9] investigated the improvement of fly ash-based geopolymer and cement-stabilized soft Bangkok clay. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the morphology of cement, fly ash, and soft Bangkok clay was investigated.…”

Section: Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Stabilization of Soft Soils with Geopolymerization of Industrial Wastes

Wassie¹,

Demir²

2023

IJEM

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“…The samples were completely covered by platinum under a high vacuum environment during sample preparation. Moreover, the EDAX method was used to find the major elemental composition on the surface of treated particles [8,15,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Biomass Silica Stabilizer on Unconfined Compression Strength of Sodium Silicate Stabilized Soft Clay Soils

Nor

Tajudin

Pakir

et al. 2022

ARASET

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Soft clay often causes difficulty in construction operations with regards to strength and low hardness properties. Therefore, the need for soil stabilization is crucial in construction to ensure the stability of the soil strength and stiffness for each building to be built. This research was carried out to study the stabilization of clay in Batu Pahat using additional materials namely sodium silicate liquid and biomass silica powder. Soft clay samples were collected from the Research Centre for Soft Soils of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The result shows that the liquid limit of the soil decreases while plastic limit increases with the addition of sodium silicate and biomass silica. As a result, the plasticity index reduces with the increment of both stabilizer's content. The strength increases at as early as 3 days after stabilization and constantly increases from 7 to 28 days curing period. The results of the unconfined compression strength test showed that the optimum amount of this stabilization process for the soil sample was three and nine percents of sodium silicate and biomass silica stabilizers, respectively. Additionally, the voids were filled with a stabilizing substance during the SEM testing. Cementation product was detected via the SEM test as a result of the stabilizer given to treated samples. The EDAX test established that the appearance of the Calcium element in the treated sample is a result of the stabilizer's chemical composition. This study demonstrates how biomass Silica significantly affected the increase in soil strength by creating cementation in the soft clay structure. Furthermore, sodium silicate plays a role in increasing soil strength, largely by acting as a binder between soil particles.

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“…The relationship between G0 (MPa) and qu (MPa) was found to be G0=27.57 qu, which is a linear function that fitted the experimental data well. Suksiripattanapong et al [5] studied improvements in the quality of Bangkok clay for deep mixing (DM) by mixing it with geopolymers. They varied the initial water volume (w) equal to 1LL, 1.5LL, and 2LL (LL is the liquid limit), the amount of FA and OPC (FA:OPC ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, 70:30 by weight), and the sodium silicate: sodium hydroxide ratios (NS: NH ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 80:20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement on compressive strength of Bangkok clay cement using novel high-strength polyethylene fibers

Pochalard,

Wungsumpow,

Piriyakul

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of novel high-strength polyethylene fibers on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) behavior of concrete produced with admixed Bangkok clay cement. Bangkok clay samples were prepared at a liquid limit of 88% and were added to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight; polyethylene fibers were also added at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% by volume. These samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days and subjected to an unconfined compressive test. From the test results, the cement content of 8% by weight was the optimum, and a polyethylene fiber content of 1% by volume is recommended. Moreover, the novel high-strength polyethylene fiber with 0.2 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length provided the maximum UCS value.

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Properties of soft Bangkok clay stabilized with cement and fly ash geopolymer for deep mixing application

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

A Review on Stabilization of Soft Soils with Geopolymerization of Industrial Wastes

A Review on Stabilization of Soft Soils with Geopolymerization of Industrial Wastes

Influence of Biomass Silica Stabilizer on Unconfined Compression Strength of Sodium Silicate Stabilized Soft Clay Soils

Enhancement on compressive strength of Bangkok clay cement using novel high-strength polyethylene fibers

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