Properties of the ultrashort gain length, self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser in the linear regime and saturation

Abstract.The successful lasing at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory of the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the first X-ray free-electron laser (X-ray FEL), in the wavelength range 1.5 to 15Å, pulse duration of 60 to few femtoseconds, number of coherent photons per pulse from 10 13 to 10 11 , is a landmark event in the development of coherent electromagnetic radiation sources. Until now electrons traversing an undulator magnet in a synchrotron radiation storage ring provided the best X-ray sources. The LCLS has set a new standard, with a peak X-ray brightness higher by ten orders of magnitudes and pulse duration shorter by three orders of magnitudes. LCLS opens a new window in the exploration of matter at the atomic and molecular scales of length and time. Taking a motion picture of chemical processes in a few femtoseconds or less, unraveling the structure and dynamics of complex molecular systems, like proteins, are some of the exciting experiments made possible by LCLS and the other X-ray FELs now being built in Europe and Asia. In this paper, we describe the history of the many theoretical, experimental and technological discoveries and innovations, starting from the 1960s and 1970s, leading to the development of LCLS.

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“…The amplification curve yields a power gain length of 17.9 cm and saturates near the undulator exit. From reference [Murokh 2003]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of X-ray free-electron lasers

Pellegrini

2012

EPJ H

Self Cite

127

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“…FEL radiation has been measured to exhibit this distribution in the linear regime at multiple FEL facilities operating at different photon energies, e.g., in [10,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. We also note that in the limit of a very large M, Eq.…”

Section: A Probability Density Functionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Statistical theory of a self-seeded free electron laser with noise pedestal growth

Hemsing

Halavanau

Zhang

2020

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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We study the impact of a spectral noise pedestal on the statistical properties of a self-seeded free electron laser (FEL). The broad pedestal is assumed to come from self amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in the second stage of the self-seeding system and is uncorrelated with the narrowband amplified seed. An analytic description is developed based on the statistical theory of a one-dimensional FEL in the high gain linear regime. The theory shows good agreement with experimental data, which show that the presence of a SASE background can have a strong impact on the statistical behavior of self-seeding systems.

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“…The energy-time correlation in general displays some nonlinear curvature and the second order terms can be made large to further compress the beam, as seen in Ref. [56]. However, the higher order terms can be controlled by the use of nonlinear magnets.…”

Section: Rf Modulation With Longitudinal Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drive beam sources and longitudinal shaping techniques

Lemery,

Andonian,

Doebert

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A: Linear colliders are an attractive platform to explore high-precision physics of newly discovered particles. The recent significant progress in advanced accelerator technologies has motivated their applications to colliders which has been discussed in the workshop. In this paper we discuss one promising scheme, collinear wakefield acceleration. We especially discuss available drive and witness beam sources based on L and S-band radiofrequency technology, and also summarize available and forthcoming longitudinal shaping techniques to improve the overall acceleration efficiency via the transformer ratio.

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Properties of the ultrashort gain length, self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser in the linear regime and saturation

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

The history of X-ray free-electron lasers

The history of X-ray free-electron lasers

Statistical theory of a self-seeded free electron laser with noise pedestal growth

Drive beam sources and longitudinal shaping techniques

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