Properties of Thermosets Derived from Chemically Modified Triglycerides and Bio-Based Comonomers

Abstract

A series of materials was prepared by curing acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and dibutyl itaconate (DBI) or ethyl cinnamate (EC) comonomers to provide examples of thermosets with a high proportion of bio-based carbon, in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. The comonomers, representative of cellulose-derived (DBI) or potentially lignin-derived (EC) raw materials, were tested at levels of 25%, 33%, and 50% by mass and the resulting products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both DBI and EC were incorporated into the thermosets to a high extent (>90%) at all concentrations tested. The AESO-DBI and AESO-EC blends showed substantial degradation at 390-400 °C, similar to pure AESO. Glass transition temperatures decreased as comonomer content increased; the highest T g of 41.4 °C was observed for AESO-EC (3:1) and the lowest T g of 1.4 °C was observed for AESO-DBI (1:1). Accordingly, at 30 °C the storage modulus values were highest for AESO-EC (3:1, 37.0 MPa) and lowest for AESO-DBI (1:1, 1.5 MPa).

Richard P. Wool's contributions to sustainable polymers from 2000 to 2015

“…Reduction of styrene in the resin reduces exposure to this toxic chemical and if replaced with a bio‐based monomer, would increase the bio‐based atomic efficiency of these resins. Beach, Wool, and others examined the properties of thermosets derived from modified triglycerides and bio‐based comonomers to increase the renewable content in these resins and composites and to reduce the content of styrene . AESO was cured with either dibutyl itaconate or ethyl cinnamate to synthesize thermosets with a high (> 90%) concentration of bio‐based carbon.…”

“…Beach, Wool, and examined the properties of thermosets derived from modified triglycerides and bio-based comonomers to increase the renewable content in these resins and composites and to reduce the content of styrene. 52 AESO was cured with either dibutyl itaconate or ethyl cinnamate to synthesize thermosets with a high (> 90%) concentration of bio-based carbon. The comonomers, dibutyl itaconate and ethyl cinnamate, are cellulose-derived and potentially lignin-derived, respectively.…”

Vinyl Ester Resin Modified with Acrylated Epoxidised Soybean (AESO) and Linseed (AELO) Oils: Effect of Additional Urethane Crosslinking

“…The related acrylated epoxidised vegetable oils (AEVOs), suitable for free radical induced or UVinduced (co)polymerisation reactions, are also commercially available. AEVOs were often converted into thermosets, including foams, nano-and traditional composites, via various (co) polymerisation/curing methods [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . AEVOs can be further functionalised, for example via maleination [2][3][12][13] .…”

Mechanical properties of composites with chicken feather and glass fibers

“…In the last decade, the development of sustainable bio-composite materials has become more and more attractive. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In particular, some bio-composites were made with chicken feather fibers (CFFs) and poly(lactic acid) or polypropylene recently. 12,13 CFFs are relatively new when compared with other natural fibers.…”