Properties of two β-glucosidases purified from the termite Macrotermes muelleri and from its symbiotic fungus Termitomyces sp.

Rouland, C.; Matoub, Mustapha; Mora, Philippe; Petek, F

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90943-1

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…G1mgNtBG1 was thermostable at up to 60°C (Fig. 2) under the assay conditions used, which is higher than the thermostability reported for other termite ␤-glucosidases (23,25,30). The thermostability of ␤-glucosidases from various sources is in the range between 40°C and 110°C (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This is only the fourth endogenous ␤-glucosidase to be characterized from more than 3,000 species of termites (14). G1mgNtBG1 shares 80.4% and 70.8% amino acid sequence homology with ␤-glucosidases from the salivary glands of the termites R. flavipes (RfBGluc-1) and N. koshunensis (G1NkBG), respectively (25,30). Salivary ␤-glucosidase A from M. muelleri (23) is another ␤-glucosidase characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, ␤-1,6 glycosidic linkage is less susceptible to hydrolysis by ␤-glucosidases (25). G1mgNtBG1 had very little activity toward laminarin (6.5%), a ␤-1,3-and ␤-1,6-linked polyglycan.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, termites have evolved their own system to degrade cellulose, independently of whether or not they maintain a relationship with symbiotic protists (34). To date, only a few endogenous cellulases of termite origin have been biochemically characterized (13,25,27,32,37). The properties of endogenous ␤-glucosidases from three termite species, Macrotermes muelleri (25), Neotermes koshunensis (20,29,32), and Reticulitermes flavipes (27), have been characterized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only a few endogenous cellulases of termite origin have been biochemically characterized (13,25,27,32,37). The properties of endogenous ␤-glucosidases from three termite species, Macrotermes muelleri (25), Neotermes koshunensis (20,29,32), and Reticulitermes flavipes (27), have been characterized. Regarding the wood-feeding higher termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis, only the site of expression of endogenous ␤-glucosidases has been reported (28,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterologous Expression in Pichia pastoris and Characterization of an Endogenous Thermostable and High-Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase from the Termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis

Uchima

Tokuda

Watanabe

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTTermites are well-known cellulose decomposers and can give researchers insights into how to utilize lignocellulosic biomass in the actual scenario of energy consumption. In this work, an endogenous β-glucosidase from the midgut of the higher termiteNasutitermes takasagoensiswas purified to homogeneity by Ni2+affinity chromatography and its properties were characterized. This β-glucosidase (G1mgNtBG1), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1, is a homotrimer in its native form, with a molecular mass of 169.5 kDa, as demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme displayed maximum activity at pH 5.5 and had broad substrate specificities toward several saccharides, including cellobiose. G1mgNtBG1 showed a relatively high temperature optimum of 65°C and one of the highest levels of glucose tolerance among several β-glucosidases already characterized, with aKiof 600 mM glucose. To examine the applicability of G1mgNtBG1 in biomass conversion, we compared the thermostability and glucose tolerance of G1mgNtBG1 with those of Novozym 188. We found that G1mgNtBG1 was more thermostable after 5 h of incubation at 60°C and more resistant to glucose inhibition than Novozym 188. Furthermore, our result suggests that G1mgNtBG1 acts synergistically with Celluclast 1.5 L in releasing reducing sugars from Avicel. Thus, G1mgNtBG1 seems to be a potential candidate for use as a supplement in the hydrolysis of biomass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterologous Expression in Pichia pastoris and Characterization of an Endogenous Thermostable and High-Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase from the Termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis

Uchima

Tokuda

Watanabe

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cDNA CLONING AND HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF AN ENDO‐β‐1,4‐GLUCANASE FROM THE FUNGUS‐GROWING TERMITE Macrotermes barneyi

Yun

et al. 2014

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Major β-glucosidase (BG) and endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EG) activities were localized to the midgut of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi. Previously, we obtained the endogenous BG gene (MbmgBG1) from the midgut of M. barneyi. Here, we report the cDNA cloning of another endogenous cellulase, the EG protein MbEG1. This cellulase was partially purified from crude extract of the midgut of worker termites using zymogram analysis. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence and using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), a full-length cDNA of 1,843 base pairs was obtained. This encoded 448 amino acids and the sequence was similar to that of the members of glycoside hydrolase family 9. The MbEG1 transcript was detected primarily in the midgut using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To confirm functional activity of MbEG1, heterologous expression was conducted in both Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris expression systems. Results indicated that MbEG1 could be functionally expressed in P. pastoris. This study provides the information that may facilitate understanding of cellulolytic systems in fungus-growing termites.

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Symbiosis With Fungi

Rouland-Lefèvre

2000

Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology

105

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Abstract:Associations between termites and fungi are considered in two categories: firstly, interactions that affect the discovery and consumption of food or its nutrient value, but which fall short of mutualism; secondly, the cultivation of fungus-combs (Termitomyces spp.) within the nesting system by Macrotermitinae, where there is an obligate reliance on the fungus and which in most cases appears to contribute to the degradation of plant structural compounds, especially xylans. In the first category most information is available for pest termites and it is possible to show, in different species or circumstances, roles for fungal colonizers of decaying wood (or for their metabolic products) as attractants, repellents, conditioners, toxins, and nutritional supplements. Some entomophagous fungi are pathogenic to termites and may be potential agents of biological control, despite low host specificities. In the second category of association, the structures and dynamics of Macrotermitine fungus-combs are classified and data presented to illustrate the variety of net enzymatic synergisms (i.e. [mal hydrolytic activities and specificities in the termite gut) achieved by the mutualism in different host species and feeding groups. To reconcile the conflicting evidence on possible enzyme acquisition from the fungus by the termite, it is proposed that symbiosis in the Macrotermitinae shows evolutionary diversification, with some species of fungus producing a range of enzymes according to substrate and enviromnental conditions (generalists), others with a fixed range of enzymes not responsive to substrate (constitutive specialists) and yet others which produce little, if any, enzyme for termite use. The assay of enzyme productions in pure cultures of Termitomyces, and the host specificities of different species of the fungal partner are also reviewed.

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Properties of two β-glucosidases purified from the termite Macrotermes muelleri and from its symbiotic fungus Termitomyces sp.

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Heterologous Expression in Pichia pastoris and Characterization of an Endogenous Thermostable and High-Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase from the Termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis

Heterologous Expression in Pichia pastoris and Characterization of an Endogenous Thermostable and High-Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase from the Termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis

cDNA CLONING AND HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF AN ENDO‐β‐1,4‐GLUCANASE FROM THE FUNGUS‐GROWING TERMITE Macrotermes barneyi

Symbiosis With Fungi

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