“…Conversely, some articles reported that YBCO films prepared by MOD and using Au, Ag, and Pb as dopants showed an improvement in morphology along with higher self-field J c values. In those cases, when a metallic dopant is used, the formation of intermetallic phases is likely responsible for chemical potential changes of c - and a -axis nucleations favoring the c -axis orientation. − In analogy to such studies, it may be assumed that the addition of ND is beneficial to c -axis film nucleation during the crystallization step. However, in the case of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), the intermetallic phase formation can be excluded, so a different mechanism (or influence) should be hypothesized.…”