Property Improvement of Additively Manufactured Ti64 by Heat Treatment Characterized by In Situ High Temperature EBSD and Neutron Diffraction

Abstract

Among various off-equilibrium microstructures of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy, electron beam powder bed fusion, in which three dimensional metallic objects are fabricated by melting the ingredient powder materials layer by layer on a pre-heated bed, results in a specimen that is nearly free of the preferred orientation of the α-Ti phase as well as a low beta phase fraction of ∼1 wt%. However, when further heat treatment of up to 1050 ∘C was applied to the material in our previous study, a strong texture aligning the hexagonal basal plane of α phase with the build direction and about 6% β phase appeared at room temperature. In this study, to understand the mechanism of this heat treatment, the grain level microstructure of the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V was investigated using in situ high temperature EBSD up to 1000 ∘C, which allows the tracking of individual grains during a heat cycle. As a result, we found a random texture originating from the fine grains in the initial material and observed a significant suppression of α phase nucleation in the slow cooling after heating to 950 ∘C within the α and β dual phase regime but close to the the β-transus temperature at ∼980 ∘C, which led to a coarse microstructure. Furthermore, the texture resulting from phase transformation of the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V assuming nucleation at the grain boundaries was modeled, using the double Burgers orientation relationship for the first time. The model successfully reproduced the measured texture, suggesting that the texture enhancement of the α phase by the additional heat treatment derives also from the variant selection during the phase transformation and nucleation on grain boundaries.

Dislocation Density of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Ti–6Al–4V Alloys Determined via Time-Of-Flight Neutron Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis

“…Furthermore, a hierarchal texture evolution between the prior β-phase, acicular α-matrix, and β-phase at the α-interfaces was observed. However, the application of ND microstructural analyses for additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys is limited [55][56][57][58][59], indicating the need to examine the potential feasibility of ND-based line-profile analysis.…”