Property Integration

Self Cite

A multi-stage multilayer systematic procedure has been developed for the selection of the optimal product portfolio from waste biomass as feedstock for systems involving water-energy-food nexus. It consists of a hybrid heuristic, metric based, and optimization methodology that evaluates the economic and environmental performance of added value products from a particular raw material. The first stage preselects the promising products. Next, a superstructure optimization problem is formulated to valorize or transform waste into the optimal set of products. The methodology has been applied within the waste to power and chemicals initiative to evaluate the best use of the biomass residue from the olive oil industry towards food, chemicals and energy. The heuristic stage is based on literature review to analyze the feasible products and technologies. Next, simple metrics have been developed and used to preselect products that are promising. Finally, a superstructure optimization approach is used to design the facility that processes leaves, wood chips and olives into final products. The best technology to recover phenols from "alperujo", a wet solid waste/byproduct of the process, consists of the use of membranes, while for the recovery of phenols from olive leaves and branches adsorption is the selected one. The investment required to process waste adds up to 110.2 million € for a 100 kt/yr of olives production facility while the profit depends on the level of integration. If the facility is attached to an olive oil production installation, the generated profit ranges between 14.5 MM €/yr (when the waste is purchased at prices of 249 € per tonne of alperujo and 6 € per tonne of olive leaves and branches) and 34.3 MM €/yr, when the waste material is acquired for free.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer Approach for Product Portfolio Optimization: Waste to Added-Value Products

Guerras

Sengupta

Martı́n

et al. 2021

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“…The FC components are divided into physical plant cost and indirect plant cost and are assumed as a factor of the equipment costs . Subsequently, the total capital expenditure (CAPEX) is determined through eq , where the working capital investment (WC) is assumed as 15% of the CAPEX. , …”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a 10-year linear scheme with negligible salvage, the value is assumed to be 10% of the overall capital cost. Subsequently, annualized net profit (ANP) is evaluated through eq . Note that TR is the tax rate.…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a C–H–O Symbiosis Network during Conceptual Design via Economic, Sustainability, and Safety Metrics

Farouk

El‐Halwagi²,

Foo

et al. 2021

Self Cite

Discharge of industrial wastes constitutes one of the primary threats to the environment. A sustainable approach to handling industrial wastes is the adoption of integration and monetization schemes through the concept of an eco-industrial park (EIP). An EIP involving hydrocarbons is a particular case known as a carbon–hydrogen–oxygen symbiosis network (CHOSYN). Special features of the CHOSYN involve the conversion of wastes into value-added chemicals and the ability to perform multiscale targeting that benchmarks the performance from the atomic scale to large-scale implementation. Economic and mass conservation objectives have been used to guide the design of CHOSYNs. In this work, sustainability and safety are included as part of multicriterion objectives for the design of CHOSYNs. A rigorous and universal model for the optimization of a CHOSYN is developed with economic, sustainability, and safety objectives. An economic framework is used for reconciling the multiple criteria using the safety and sustainability weighted return on investment metric. The solution of the optimization formulation determines which plants participate and the extent of participation, the chemical pathways to convert wastes into value-added chemicals, and the allocation of the products to the users. The solution also reconciles the various design objectives. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to a case study focusing on glycerol valorization.

“…Similarly, the total investment cost for F2 includes the costs of the RD column shell, trays, reboiler, and condenser. Capital cost functions, design formulations, and utility costs are taken from the literature. ,− Physical parameters are obtained from ASPEN Plus, which are tabulated in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Sustainable Intensification Of the Eg Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Process Intensification Using Building Blocks

Demirel

El‐Halwagi

et al. 2020

Process intensification (PI) is a design concept that offers innovative solutions for making a substantial improvement in terms of cost, energy efficiency, emission, environmental footprint, processing volume, and safety of a chemical process. Incorporation of PI principles at the conceptual design stage can pave the way for more sustainable solutions. However, it is not trivial to identify effective intensification pathways considering the various trade-offs between multiple conflicting performance metrics. To that end, we combine the building block-based systematic PI (Demirel, Li, and Hasan, Comp. Chem. Eng., 2017, 150, 2–38) with the ε-constraint-based multiobjective optimization to synthesize both economically attractive and environmentally sustainable chemical process systems. We successfully apply this approach to discover several novel intensification pathways for an industrially relevant chemical process for ethylene glycol production. These new pathways suggest nonintuitive flowsheets involving partial intensification, as opposed to complete merging of reaction and separation phenomena. Partial intensification significantly increases the return on investment while reducing the indirect CO2 emissions when compared to traditional nonintensified and intensified designs.