Property Optimisation of EPDM Rubber Composites Using Mathematical and Statistical Strategies

Abstract

is paper describes a study in which EPDM-based rubber composites were investigated aiming at developing formulations subjected to restrictions on cost and the properties of the material. e contents of components other than calcium carbonate, para nic oil, and CBS vulcanising accelerator, as well as additives and processing conditions, were kept constant. Fractional factorial design coupled with computational numerical optimisation was used to minimise the number of mixtures. e results demonstrate that statistical design of experiments and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithms are promising methods to design composition variables. Mixture costs as low as 1.92 US$/kg can be achieved in compositions containing, for example, 107 phr of calcium carbonate, 95 phr of para nic oil, and 1.13 phr of CBS accelerator. e corresponding composite propertypredicted values were 66.8 Shore A for hardness, tensile strength of 7.8 MPa, 570.8% elongation at break, and 23.0% rebound resilience. is demonstrates that, in this way, the desired product with speci ed characteristics can be comfortably manufactured at minimum cost.

A Review of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Properties and Progress

“…Particulate load optimization techniques and statistical design of experiments have been demonstrated to be effective methods for generating compositional variables when combined. As a result, there is potential for the development of new analytical processes for elastomers in the future, such as EPDM, as well as other applications that utilize machine learning tools to validate and predict the development of new elastomer blends, including [ 177 , 178 , 179 ]. Furthermore, in the development of thermoplastic elastomers (TPVs), the mixtures EPDM/PP, the higher crystallinity of the PP in the TPV blend, the higher Mooney viscosity, as well as the better compatibility between EPDM and PP, result in higher tensile strength and elongation at break, which are enhanced by the crystals present in EPDM [ 180 ].…”

A comprehensive review of the recent developments in thermoplastics and rubber blends‐based composites and nanocomposites

“…It is used in automobile systems because of its thermal and noise insulation properties. [13][14][15][16] SBR is a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, distinguished by its comparatively better durability and hardness. It exhibits superior resistance to wear/abrasion, compression set, chemicals, and water swell than conventional synthetic rubbers, which are more expensive than SBR.…”

“…Because of its flexibility, EPDM is used for manufacturing outdoor products like roof sealants, seals, and hoses. It is used in automobile systems because of its thermal and noise insulation properties 13–16 . SBR is a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, distinguished by its comparatively better durability and hardness.…”

Optimization of Rubber Compound Design Process Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm

“…Rahimi and Jafarinejad [18] for the design of automated cellular circuits, reduce the time of the designing by genetic algorithms. Correia et al [19] optimized the values of three types of raw materials in a rubber mixture with EPDM base to achieve the minimum price. The results showed that it is possible quickly find a combination with the lowest price with metaheuristics methods.…”