Prophylactic and therapeutic potential of active phytoconstituents from Amomum subulatum Roxb

Abstract

Amomum subulatum is a popular aromatic and medicinal spice crop being used for centuries to treat a variety of health ailments. The ethnopharmacological use of Amomum subulatum has been described in various medicinal systems including Ayurveda, Unani, and Chinese for its therapeutic properties in mitigating gastrointestinal disorders, lung congestions, respiratory ailments, jaundice, tuberculosis, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, ischemic heart diseases, etc. Literature search using Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Elsevier, Wiley online Library, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus databases was restricted to English-language articles. Significant information on pharmacological properties of Amomum subulatum, including antioxidant (ROS/RNS pathways), anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, NF-кB, HO-1, arachidonic acid pathways), antinephrotoxic (urea, creatinine, Cystatin-C), antihepatotoxic (SGOT, SGPT, and ALP), antidiabetic, etc., was collected for the review. The pharmacological properties of this traditional herb may be attributed to the plethora of secondary metabolites present in it. Preliminary phytochemical screening reported the abundance of flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acid esters, etc. 1,8-cineole (60%-80% of total volatile oil), α-terpineol, limonene, α-terpinyl acetate, etc., are the notable phytochemicals reported from Amomum subulatum. However, detailed insights into the molecular mechanistic pathways mediating the beneficial role of this traditional herb on cell/animal models and large-scale clinical trials are lacking.In the present review, we provide a comprehensive description of the current knowledge on Amomum subulatum, including its phytoconstituents, pharmacological uses, and toxicities, its implication in host health effects, including in vitro/in vivo efficacy, and the potential of these emerging species to suggest areas for future research.

Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) extract improves growth potential, antioxidant status, immune parameters and response to crowding stress in Catla catla

“…The growth‐enhancing effect of BCE can be attributed to its active ingredient (cineol), which has been reported to enhance digestive enzyme activities (Hesabi Nameghi et al, 2019) and intestinal health (Di et al, 2022), leading to better feed utilization and growth in animals. Furthermore, bioactive compounds of BCE are known to possess antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties that can improve nutrient utilization, boost immunity, and protect against oxidative stress and cellular damage, ultimately leading to improved growth performance in fish (Dhakal et al, 2022; Hoseini, Taheri Mirghaed, et al, 2018; Taheri Mirghaed, Hoseini, et al, 2018).…”

“…Moreover, the increase in LYZ levels can be attributed to other bioactive compounds present in the BCE, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which have been reported to possess immunostimulatory properties (Dhakal et al, 2022).…”

Insight into the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activities of Amomum subulatum and Amomum xanthioides: an in vitro and in silico study

“…A. subulatum , generally recognized as black cardamom, is a herbaceous plant used as a medicinal spice in India ( Gautam et al., 2016 ). It has historically been used to treat vomiting, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal (GI) infections, and rectal diseases ( Kumar et al., 2015 ; Alam and Singh, 2021 ; Dhakal et al., 2022 ). The therapeutic capabilities of this medicinal herb have gained great attention in the past years since it is found to be a source of antimicrobials, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective compounds ( Bhaswant et al., 2015 ; Gautam et al., 2016 ).…”

“…The therapeutic capabilities of this medicinal herb have gained great attention in the past years since it is found to be a source of antimicrobials, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective compounds ( Bhaswant et al., 2015 ; Gautam et al., 2016 ). The essential oil components of A. subulatum are primarily responsible for its therapeutic capability ( Dhakal et al., 2022 ). Essential oils from A. subulatum seeds are found to have an antimicrobial effect against various pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Bacillus pumilus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Aspergillus niger ( Agnihotri and Wakode, 2010 ; Satyal et al., 2012 ).…”

“…In spite of all the previous data, A. subulatum and A. xanthioides are not being given much consideration for therapeutic development as a result of a lack of comprehensive chemical analysis and pharmacological research ( Thinh et al., 2021 ; Dhakal et al., 2022 ). In this manner, the current study aimed to provide insight into the phytochemical composition of both species by investigating the bioactive components in their seeds and fruits, including flavonoids, phenols, vitamins, steroids, and essential oils.…”