Prophylactic use of long-acting tetracycline against tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophila) in sheep

Brodie, TA; Holmes, P.H.; Urquhart, GM

doi:10.1136/vr.122.2.43

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The results demonstrate that oxytetracycline is efficient against E. phagocytophila in sheep as previously shown by [ 6 ]. However, oxytetracycline could not totally clear the infection from all lambs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The tetracycline group has so far been the recommended antibiotics in treatment of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in both animals and man [ 29 , 10 ]. Tetracycline has been administered to cattle and sheep with Ehrlichia phagocytophila infection and has resulted in a rapid resolution of the fever [ 27 , 14 , 6 ]. In addition, successful field use of long-acting tetracycline as a prophylatic measure against tick-borne fever (TBF) and tick pyaemia in lambs has been reported [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One dose of short-acting oxytetracycline results in an abrupt fall in the temperature in TBF infected lambs and relapses are common [ 21 ]. However, a report by [ 6 ] indicates that relapses do not occur after long-acting oxytetracycline treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 different oxytetracycline treatments to clear the experimentally infected lambs from E. phagocytophila infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Two Different Oxytetracycline Treatments in Experimental Ehrlichia phagocytophilaInfected Lambs

Stuen¹,

Bergström

2001

Acta Vet Scand

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The effect of 2 different oxytetracycline treatments in acute E. phagocytophila infected lambs was investigated. Twenty 5-month-old lambs of the Dala and Rygja breeds were used. Ten lambs were inoculated intravenously with a stabilate of an ovine E. phagocytophila strain. On the third day of fever, 4 lambs were given long-acting oxytetracycline (Terramycin prolongatum vet®, Pfizer) (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly and another 4 lambs were given short-acting oxytetracycline (Terramycin vet®, Pfizer) (10 mg/kg) intravenously for 5 consecutive days. The lambs were examined for the presence of Ehrlichia infection by blood smear evaluation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody titre against E. equi. One month after the last antibiotic treatment, 250 ml citrate blood from each of these lambs were inoculated into each of 10 susceptible lambs, which were observed during the following 6 weeks. The results indicate that oxytetracycline given in the acute stage of the infection may effectively teminate the development of fever, rickettsemia and weight reduction in E. phagocytophila infected lambs. No difference was observed between the 2 treatment groups. However, at least 3 of 8 antibiotic treated lambs (37.5%) were still infected with granulocytic Ehrlichia 3 months after treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Two Different Oxytetracycline Treatments in Experimental Ehrlichia phagocytophilaInfected Lambs

Stuen¹,

Bergström

2001

Acta Vet Scand

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“…The most used pyrethroids in Norway are deltamethrin (Coopersect®, Intervet), flumethrin (Bayticol®, Bayer), cypermethrin (Crovect®, Young) and alphacypermethrin (Dysect®, Fort Dodge) (Legemiddelverket, personal information). Long-acting tetracycline is also used in the UK as a prophylactic measure given before animals are moved from tick-free environment into tick-infested pasture [9,10]. However, there is a growing concern about the environmental safety and human health, increasing cost of chemical control and the increasing resistance of ticks to pesticides [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs

Stuen

Enemark²,

Artursson

et al. 2012

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroudAnaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) causes the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants and has for decades been one of the main scourges for the sheep industry in the coastal areas of Norway. Current control strategies are based on reduction of tick infestation by chemical acaricides.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated if frequent pour-on applications of pyrethroids would reduce tick infestion rate and seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection in sheep. Forty lambs, one month old, of the Norwegian White Sheep breed were used. The lambs belonged to the experimental sheep flock at the Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences. None of the lambs had been on I. ricinus infested pasture before turnout (day 0). All lambs were twins and twenty lambs were treated with a pour-on pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer A/S, DK-2300) with a dose of 5 ml on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 128. Twenty lambs were untreated controls. The lambs were collected every fourteen days on pasture for treatment. In addition, the lambs were examined for ticks, blood sampled, weighed, and rectal temperature was recorded.Results and conclusionA significant reduction in tick infestion rate was detected on treated lambs. However, the present results indicate that frequent acaricide treatment does not reduce the seroprevalence to A. phagocytophilum on tick-infested pasture.

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“…The extent of indirect production loss due to TBF was 3.8 kg body weight per lamb in a study of a flock with 50 lambs [13] and experimental infection with A. phagocytophilum has shown to affect weight for several months after the primary infection [14]. It is also shown that prophylactic use of long-acting tetracycline against A. phagocytophilum has improved weight gain in lambs on pasture [15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth

et al. 2011

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BackgroundA major challenge in sheep farming during the grazing season along the coast of south-western Norway is tick-borne fever (TBF) caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum that is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus.MethodsA study was carried out in 2007 and 2008 to examine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection and effect on weaning weight in lambs. The study included 1208 lambs from farms in Sunndal Ram Circle in Møre and Romsdal County in Mid-Norway, where ticks are frequently observed. All lambs were blood sampled and serum was analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) to determine an antibody status (positive or negative) to A. phagocytophilum infection. Weight and weight gain and possible effect of infection were analyzed using ANOVA and the MIXED procedure in SAS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of infection with A. phagocytophilum was 55%. A lower weaning weight of 3% (1.34 kg, p < 0.01) was estimated in lambs seropositive to an A. phagocytophilum infection compared to seronegative lambs at an average age of 137 days.ConclusionsThe results show that A. phagocytophilum infection has an effect on lamb weight gain. The study also support previous findings that A. phagocytophilum infection is widespread in areas where ticks are prevalent, even in flocks treated prophylactic with acaricides.

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Prophylactic use of long-acting tetracycline against tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophila) in sheep

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Two Different Oxytetracycline Treatments in Experimental Ehrlichia phagocytophilaInfected Lambs

The Effect of Two Different Oxytetracycline Treatments in Experimental Ehrlichia phagocytophilaInfected Lambs

Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth

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