“…In the field of severe plastic deformation (SPD) (Azushima et al, 2008;Brown et al, 2009;Edalati et al, 2022;Mansoor and Dasharath, 2020;Valiev et al, 2000), researchers impart extreme strain into materials-typically metals-to attain enhanced structural and functional properties through novel microstructures (Estrin and Vinogradov, 2013). The diverse SPD processes and materials include equal-channel angular extrusion (Furukawa et al, 2002), high-pressure torsion of bismuth telluride (Santamarı´a et al, 2013), cyclic extrusion and compression of aluminum (Richert et al, 1999), accumulative roll bonding of copper with niobium (Nizolek et al, 2016), friction welding of superalloys (Li et al, 2012), and shear-assisted processing and extrusion (ShAPE) of magnesium and aluminum (Whalen et al, 2019a(Whalen et al, , 2019b.…”