Propionate-induced synthesis of odd-chain-length fatty acids by Escherichia coli

Ingram, L. O.; Chevalier, Laurie; Gabba, E J; Ley, Kenneth D.; Winters, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1128/jb.131.3.1023-1025.1977

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, some studies have shown that it is more likely the other way around in bacteria. Microbial OCFAs are mainly formed through elongation of Pr [32,33]. With the present mouse experiments we support the latter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Importance of propionate for the repression of hepatic lipogenesis and improvement of insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity

Weitkunat

Schumann

Nickel

et al. 2016

Mol. Nutr. Food Res.

136

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ScopeThe SCFA acetate (Ac) and propionate (Pr) are major fermentation products of dietary fibers and provide additional energy to the host. We investigated short‐ and long‐term effects of dietary Ac and Pr supplementation on diet‐induced obesity and hepatic lipid metabolism.Methods and resultsC3H/HeOuJ mice received high‐fat (HF) diets supplemented with 5% SCFA in different Ac:Pr ratios, a high acetate (HF‐HAc; 2.5:1 Ac:Pr) or high Pr ratio (HF‐HPr; 1:2.5 Ac:Pr) for 6 or 22 weeks. Control diets (low‐fat (LF), HF) contained no SCFA. SCFA did not affect body composition but reduced hepatic gene and protein expression of lipogenic enzymes leading to a reduced hepatic triglyceride concentration after 22 weeks in HF‐HPr mice. Analysis of long‐chain fatty acid composition (liver and plasma phospholipids) showed that supplementation of both ratios led to a lower ω6:ω3 ratio. Pr directly led to increased odd‐chain fatty acid (C15:0, C17:0) formation as confirmed in vitro using HepG2 cells. Remarkably, plasma C15:0 was correlated with the attenuation of HF diet‐induced insulin resistance.ConclusionDependent on the Ac:Pr ratio, especially odd‐chain fatty acid formation and insulin sensitivity are differentially affected, indicating the importance of Pr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Importance of propionate for the repression of hepatic lipogenesis and improvement of insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity

Weitkunat

Schumann

Nickel

et al. 2016

Mol. Nutr. Food Res.

136

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“…In other words, propionyl‐CoA became the more preferred substrate than acetyl‐CoA in the initialization step of fatty acid synthesis of the strain which cooverexpressed BsfabH 1 and prpE . However, even straight chain FFAs were the main component of cell membrane (Ingram et al, ), which is highly related on cell growth, rather than odd chain straight FFAs. This manipulation of cooverexpressed BsfabH 1 and prpE may disrupt the balance of distribution of acetyl‐CoA among cell growth, acetate formation and free fatty acid production pathways, and led to higher acetate accumulation and lower free fatty acid production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chain numbers of most straight FFAs produced by microorganisms or plants are even, a small amount of odd straight‐chain FFAs are produced in some stomach and ruminant bacteria (Kim et al, ; Or‐Rashid et al, ). In previous study, propionate can induce synthesis of very small amount of odd‐chain‐length fatty acids by wild type Escherichia coli K‐12 (Ingram et al, ). Tseng and Prather () engineered and optimized three modular metabolic pathways, which was validated separately and then assembled together, for the synthesis of odd short chain molecules such as propionate, trans‐2‐pentenoate, valerate, and pentanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Efficient odd straight medium chain free fatty acid production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli

San

2014

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Free fatty acids (FFAs) can be used as precursors for the production of biofuels or chemicals. Different composition of FFAs will be useful for further modification of the biofuel/biochemical quality. Microbial biosynthesis of even chain FFAs can be achieved by introducing an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase gene into E. coli. In this study, odd straight medium chain FFAs production was investigated by using metabolic engineered E. coli carrying acyl-ACP thioesterase (TE, Ricinus communis), propionyl-CoA synthase (Salmonella enterica), and β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (four different sources) with supplement of extracellular propionate. By using these metabolically engineered E. coli, significant quantity of C13 and C15 odd straight-chain FFAs could be produced from glucose and propionate. The highest concentration of total odd straight chain FFAs attained was 1205 mg/L by the strain HWK201 (pXZ18, pBHE2), and 85% of the odd straight chain FFAs was C15. However, the highest percentage of odd straight chain FFAs was achieved by the strain HWK201 (pXZ18, pBHE3) of 83.2% at 48 h. This strategy was also applied successfully in strains carrying different TE, such as the medium length acyl-ACP thioesterase gene from Umbellularia californica. C11 and C13 became the major odd straight-chain FFAs.

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“…One of the surprising observations made here was the identification of an AHL (C 7 -HSL) with an odd number of carbons in the acyl chain. Such an AHL has not been described previously, although fatty acids and polyketides with odd numbers of carbons in the chain have been described (O'Hagan, 1991;Ingram et al, 1977). These arise via a pathway that uses propionyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as the respective chain starter and extender units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The regulatory locus cinRI in Rhizobium leguminosarum controls a network of quorum‐sensing loci

Lithgow

Wilkinson

Hardman

et al. 2000

Molecular Microbiology

211

209

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N‐(3‐hydroxy‐7‐cis‐tetradecenoyl)‐l‐homoserine lactone (3OH,C14:1‐HSL) is a quorum‐sensing signalling molecule produced by Rhizobium leguminosarum. It is unusual in that it inhibits the growth of several strains of R. leguminosarum and was previously known as ‘small bacteriocin’. The cinRI locus responsible for the production of 3OH,C14:1‐HSL has been characterized; it is predicted to be on the chromosome, based on DNA hybridization. The cinR and cinI genes are in different transcriptional units, separated by a predicted transcription terminator. CinR regulates cinI expression to a very high level in a cell‐density dependent manner, and cinI expression is positively autoregulated by 3OH,C14:1‐HSL, the only identified N‐acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) produced by CinI. No other AHLs were identified that strongly induced cinI expression. Mutation of cinI or cinR abolishes the production of 3OH,C14:1‐HSL and also reduces the production of several other AHLs. This is thought to result from the expression of three other AHL production loci being affected by the absence of 3OH,C14:1‐HSL. AHLs produced by these other loci include N‐hexanoyl‐ and N‐octanoyl‐l‐homoserine lactones and, unexpectedly, N‐heptanoyl‐l‐homoserine lactone (C7‐HSL). The expression of the rhiI gene on the symbiotic plasmid is greatly reduced in a cinI mutant, and the major regulatory effect appears to be mediated at least in part as a result of an effect on expression of RhiR, the regulator of rhiI. Thus, cinR and cinI appear to be at the top of a regulatory cascade or network that influences several AHL‐regulated quorum‐sensing loci. The expression of cinI–lacZ fusions is significantly reduced (but not abolished) when the symbiosis plasmid pRL1JI is present, resulting in a reduction in the level of 3OH,C14:1‐HSL produced. Mutation of cinI had little effect on growth or nodulation. However, plasmid transfer was affected, and the results obtained indicate that 3OH,C14:1‐HSL produced by either the donor or the recipient in mating experiments can stimulate transfer of pRL1JI.

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Propionate-induced synthesis of odd-chain-length fatty acids by Escherichia coli

Cited by 43 publications

References 8 publications

Importance of propionate for the repression of hepatic lipogenesis and improvement of insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity

Importance of propionate for the repression of hepatic lipogenesis and improvement of insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity

Efficient odd straight medium chain free fatty acid production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli

The regulatory locus cinRI in Rhizobium leguminosarum controls a network of quorum‐sensing loci

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