Propionate Production in the Rumen of Cows Fed Either a Control or High-Grain, Low-Fiber Diet

Bauman, D. E.; Davis, C.L.; Bucholtz, H.F.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(71)86021-6

Cited by 135 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, in a study of lactating and non-lactating cows, Wiltrout & Satter (1972) found that with feed intakes of 9.5 and 17 kg dry matter/d the rates of acetate production within the rumen were 29.2 and 53.5 mmol/min respectively. Other workers have demonstrated proportionality between the level of feed intake and the rate of production of propionate within the rumen of both cattle (Bauman et al 1971;Herbein et al 1978) and sheep (Steel & Leng, 1973). Values obtained with both fed and fasted lactating and non-lactating cows and sheep reveal positive relationships between ME intake and the rates of net portal appearance of VFA, hydroxybutyrate and lactate (Figs.…”

Section: Metabolite Exchange Across the Gutmentioning

confidence: 96%

Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow

1983

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. The rate of blood flow in the portal and hepatic veins, and the net exchange across the gut and liver of volatile fatty acids (VFA), glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, ketone bodies, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and oxygen, were measured in lactating and non-lactating cows (a) in the normal, fed state and (b) before, during and after 6 d of fasting.2. Blood flow rate through the liver was 52% higher in normal, fed, lactating cows as compared with non-lactating cows, and was decreased by fasting in both groups of cows. Portal blood flow rate increased with an increase in metabolizable energy (ME) intake.3. Lactating, as compared with non-lactating, cows exhibited lower arterial concentrations of glucose and lactate, higher net portal outputs of VFA and ketone bodies, a higher net hepatic output of glucose, and higher net hepatic uptakes of propionate and lactate. The splanchnic outputs of acetate, glucose and hydroxybutyrate were all apparently greater in the lactating cows.4. Fasting caused a rapid decrease in the blood concentrations of the VFA and an increase in those of glycerol and NEFA. The portal, i.e. gut, outputs of VFA, lactate, ketone bodies, alanine and (serine+ threonine), and the portal uptake of 0,, were all decreased by fasting. Fasting for 6 h also decreased the hepatic output of glucose and acetate by 77 and 95% respectively, increased the hepatic uptake of pyruvate, glycerol and NEFA, and doubled hepatic ketone-body output. The splanchnic output of acetate and glucose and the splanchnic uptake of 0, were also decreased by fasting. 5.The net portal outputs of VFA, lactate and hydroxybutyrate, and the net hepatic output of glucose, were all correlated with ME intake in fed and fasted cows. Hepatic glucose output was also correlated with milk yield. 6. The net hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors measured in this study could account for net hepatic glucose output in the fasted cows, but not in the fed cows. The net hepatic uptake of the ketogenic precursors butyrate and NEFA was sufficient to account for the hepatic output of ketone bodies in both fed and fasted cows, but it is unlikely that the hepatic uptake of ketogenic precursors could also account for the observed hepatic output of acetate.The gut and liver of the dairy cow can be considered to operate together as a functional unit, termed the splanchnic bed, that supplies nutrients to the remainder of the body. During lactation the splanchnic bed plays a major role in supplying precursors required for milk synthesis. Therefore, changes in metabolite flux across the splanchnic bed will be expected to have major effects on milk synthesis and on the metabolic status of the animal. Alterations in splanchnic metabolism could arise as a result of variation in feed intake or of metabolic events associated with milk production.In the present study the effects of differences in feed intake were monitored by comparing fed and fasted cows, while the effects of differences in productive demand were monitored by comparing la...

show abstract

Section: Metabolite Exchange Across the Gutmentioning

confidence: 96%

Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow

1983

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The high-NFC (starch) diet intake results in the production of a large amount of propionate [5,12], from which Glu is derived [4]. The increased production of Glu used as an energy source may increase the frequency of the lipogenesis from acetate, and the propionate and Glu promote the secretion of insulin stimulating the lipogenesis [6,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values of the Serum Components in Japanese Black Beef Steers at Farms with High Productivity and Low Frequencies of Disease and Death in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Adachi¹,

Kawano²,

Tsuno³

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Few reference values for use in metabolic profile tests for the maintenance of high productivity and the prevention of production diseases have been reported in Japanese Black beef cattle. To obtain basic data, 101 healthy steers at farms with high productivity and low frequencies of disease and death in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the values of their serum components in this preliminary study. At the later fattening stage (5 to 20 months after introduction), statistically significant increases were observed in the mean serum activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatine phosphokinase, the mean serum contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, albumin (Alb), total protein, blood urea nitrogen, magnesium, and vitamin E, and the mean serum calcium (Ca)/inorganic phosphorus (IP) ratio, and statistically significant decreases were seen in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the mean serum contents of glucose, IP, and vitamin A. The mean serum Alb/ globulin ratio and the mean serum Ca and nonesterified fatty acids contents demonstrated no statistically significant changes. -KEY WORDS: beef cattle (Japanese Black), serum component value, steer.

show abstract

“…Moreover, most of the studies on the estimation of VFA production rates aimed to improve the precision of the technique, while the main factors affecting the rumen production rate (intake level, nature of the diet) have received little attention (Leng & Brett, 1966;Esdale et al 1968;Bauman et al 1971). Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate VFA production rates in the rumen of sheep fed two levels of intake, and to define more clearly the utilization limits of the TM and NTM for in vivo estimation of rumen VFA production rates.…”

Section: Rumen: Volatile Fatty Acids: Production Rate: Intake Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of non-tracer and tracer methods for determination of volatile fatty acid production rate in the rumen of sheep fed on two levels of intake

Martin

Kristensen²,

Huhtanen³

2001

Br J Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present work was to estimate volatile fatty acid (VFA) production rate in the rumen of sheep fed two levels of intake using both a tracer (TM; by isotope dilution) and a nontracer method (NTM; by supplementary infusion) in steady-state conditions. Six wethers received a diet containing 700 g lucerne hay and 300 g ground maize/kg in eight equal meals at 3 h intervals per d. The diet (9 : 8 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg DM) was offered at 90 % ad libitum consumption (high intake, HI) or 45 % ad libitum consumption (low intake, LI) in a 2 Â 2 crossover design. Each sheep received five intrarumen VFA solutions infused continuously for 24 h at rates of 250 ml and 165 ml/h for the HI and LI respectively. The first infusion, considered as a control treatment (Con), consisted of a solution of [1-13 C]propionate (7 mmol/d). The four other solutions were isoenergetic (1 : 9 MJ ME/kg DM intake) mixtures of unlabelled propionate (C 3 ) and butyrate (C 4 ) at different levels: 0 : 90 mol C 4 /kg DM intake; 0 : 60 mol C 4 1 0 : 45 mol C 3 /kg DM intake; 0 : 30 mol C 4 1 0 : 90 mol C 3 /kg DM intake; 1 : 35 mol C 3 /kg DM intake. The VFA infusions did not affect rumen fermentation of the basal diet (pH, osmotic pressure, protozoa numbers), and comparable DM digestibility of the diet among the different treatments was observed. Both estimation methods demonstrated a similar increase (1 : 7-fold) in the rumen VFA production rate of sheep fed at intakes varying between 0 : 9 to 1 : 7 times maintenance. Irrespective of the intake level, the rumen production rate of individual VFA was on average 1 : 5-fold higher when estimated by the TM compared with the NTM. Rumen VFA production rates estimated by the NTM and TM represented 80 % and 120 % ME intake respectively. The difference between NTM and TM estimates seems likely to be caused mainly by overestimation of the VFA production rates by the TM. Rumen: Volatile fatty acids: Production rate: Intake levelVolatile fatty acids (VFA) are the main energy source for ruminants, contributing 50-80 % of the total energy supply (Thomas & Clapperton, 1972;Sutton, 1985). The major part (75 %) of the rumen VFA disappears across the reticulorumen wall with a variable absorption rate, especially when concentrate diets are fed. This means that the rumen VFA concentration is not directly proportional to their production rate (Esdale et al. 1968;Sharp et al. 1982). Assessment of the quantitative contribution of VFA to ruminant nutrition requires measurements of the VFA production rate in the rumen. In general, two groups of techniques are employed for in vivo determination of rumen VFA production rates: tracer methods (TM) and non-tracer methods (NTM). TM usually use an isotope-dilution technique of a solution of VFA labelled with radioactive isotopes ( 14 C, 3 H) and continuously infused into the rumen at a constant rate (Leng & Leonard, 1965;Leng & Brett, 1966;Bruce et al. 1987). The radioactivity of these compounds has been considered to be a major disadvantage of in vivo experime...

show abstract

Propionate Production in the Rumen of Cows Fed Either a Control or High-Grain, Low-Fiber Diet

Cited by 135 publications

References 14 publications

Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow

Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow

Values of the Serum Components in Japanese Black Beef Steers at Farms with High Productivity and Low Frequencies of Disease and Death in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Comparison of non-tracer and tracer methods for determination of volatile fatty acid production rate in the rumen of sheep fed on two levels of intake

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About