Propiverine

Abstract

Propiverine is a well established antimuscarinic agent with a mixed mode of action in the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder (OAB). As well as blocking muscarinic receptors in the detrusor muscle, the drug also inhibits cellular calcium influx, thereby diminishing muscle spasm. In patients with symptoms of OAB resulting from idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) or neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), propiverine demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy and tolerability, with adverse events consistent with those associated with all antimuscarinic agents. In adults with IDO, propiverine demonstrated similar efficacy to that of other antimuscarinic agents (including solifenacin, tolterodine, oxybutynin and imidafenacin) and, in adults with NDO, propiverine and oxybutynin demonstrated similar efficacy. Propiverine was generally well tolerated in these patient populations, with a lower incidence of dry mouth than that associated with oxybutynin. In men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and in whom the presence of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) was implicated, propiverine administered as add-on therapy to an α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist demonstrated similar or superior efficacy to that achieved with an α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist alone, and combination therapy was particularly effective in patients with urinary storage symptoms. Combination therapy was generally well tolerated, but was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events than an α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist alone. In children and adolescents with IDO/OAB or NDO, propiverine was generally more effective and better tolerated than oxybutynin. In conclusion, propiverine provides a valuable option for the treatment of adults and children with OAB associated with IDO or NDO, and in men with storage LUTS.

Pharmacotherapy for Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder

“…Some studies demonstrated the superior tolerability of propiverine over oxybutynin, with comparable efficacy in children [ 74 , 86 – 88 ]. In children and adolescents with IDO or nDO, propiverine was generally more effective and better tolerated than oxybutynin and provides a valuable option for the treatment of DO [ 89 – 91 ].…”

Sustainable Synthesis of α‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids by Manganese Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Ethylene Glycol and Primary Alcohols**

“…α‐Hydroxycarboxylic acids (α‐HCAs) are of keen interest for widespread applications in food, cosmetics, textiles, commodity chemicals, and polymer industries [3] . Additionally, α‐HCAs are ubiquitous in various pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules [3b–e,h] . However, the current manufacturing approaches for synthesizing these molecules can hardly satisfy the market need [3a,b] .…”