Propofol maintains Th17/Treg cell balance and reduces inflammation in rats with traumatic brain injury via the miR‑145‑3p/NFATc2/NF‑κB axis

Abstract

Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic. The aim of the study was to examine the mechanism of propofol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) by regulating interleukin (IL)-17 activity and maintaining the Th17/Treg balance. A rat model with moderate TBI was established using the weight-drop method. Rats with TBI were regularly injected with propofol and their brain injuries were monitored. The peripheral blood of rats was collected to measure the Th17/Treg ratio. MicroRNA (miR)-145-3p expression was detected in the brain tissues of rats and antagomiR-145-3p was injected into the lateral ventricles of their brains to verify the effect of miR-145-3p on brain injury. The downstream target of miR-145-3p was predicted. The targeting relationship between miR-145-3p and nuclear factor of activated T cells c2 (NFATc2) was confirmed. NFATc2 expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway-related proteins were measured. Propofol alleviated brain injury in rats with TBI and maintained the Th17/Treg balance. Propofol upregulated miR-145-3p expression in rat brains, while the inhibition of miR-145-3p reversed the effect of propofol on brain injury. A binding relationship was observed between miR-145-3p and NFATc2. Furthermore, propofol decreased the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, and inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway in the brains of rats with TBI. In conclusion, propofol maintained Th17/Treg balance and reduced inflammation in the rats with TBI via the miR-145-3p/NFATc2/NF-κB axis. cAN cUI 1

A Clinical Study on the Brain Protection Effect of Propofol Anesthesia on Patients Undergoing Acute Craniocerebral Trauma Surgery Based on Blockchain

“…At present, the treatment of craniocerebral trauma is mainly surgery, but surgery is traumatic treatment, so the brain function and brain tissue will have a certain impact, so the choice of narcotic drugs is particularly important [ 6 ]. Studies have shown that propofol, as an anesthetic for preoperative induction and maintenance, can maintain the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and demand, thus playing a role in brain protection and can reduce the level of oxygen free radicals in patients with head trauma, thus reducing brain injury, with good clinical efficacy [ 7 , 8 ]. However, in the present clinical use of propofol in patients with craniocerebral trauma with most of the patient's general information and doctor's clinical experience, the lack of the previous medical data makes the doctor cannot combine the patient information for fine adjustment of the dose of propofol, resulting in some patients to regain consciousness with extension or no ideal improvement in indicators and cannot achieve the expected goal [ 9 – 12 ].…”

Demonstration of the protective effect of propofol in rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy

“…Besides, we demonstrated the positive effects of propofol on antioxidant/oxidant balance with MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6 levels. In various previous studies conducted, it has been shown that propofol prevents apoptosis, has anti-infl ammatory and antioxidant effects and has taken its place in the literature (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Based on this feature on propofol, we investigated whether it has a curative effect on neurotoxicity by developing a peripheral neurotoxicity model in rats.…”

“…In addition to its anesthetic effects, it has been reported in previous studies that it protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress, reduces apoptosis and infl ammation, and protects against hypoxic/ischemic-induced neuronal damage (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). In a study conducted on rats with traumatic brain injury in the literature, the neuroprotective and anti-infl ammatory effects of propofol were emphasized (14). Propofol has lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects as well as reactive oxygen species scavenging effects.…”

Central role for neurally dysregulated IL-17A in dynamic networks of systemic and local inflammation in combat casualties

“…In a model of severe, penetrating TBI, intravenous delivery of simvastatin provided significant protection against injury-induced cognitive dysfunction and reduced TBI-specific serum levels of IL-17A 53 . More recently, propofol, a commonly used anesthetic, alleviated brain injury in rats with TBI and maintained the Th17/Treg balance 54 . Notably, IL-17A derived predominantly from microglia has also been implicated in the pathobiology of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s’ disease 55 .…”