Propofol Versus Traditional Sedative Agents for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Meta-analysis

Continuous propofol and bolus propofol result in similar sedative use during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A retrospective study

“…Current guidelines support the use of propofol-based sedation as compared with traditional sedation with benzodiazepines and/or opioids, thus offering higher patient and endoscopist satisfaction and decreasing procedure duration as well as recovery time, without increasing the rate of adverse events [16,17]. Propofol-based sedation shows no significant difference regarding complication rate in comparison with traditional sedative agents [18]. In this study, we showed that the two most common methods of propofol administration continuous infusion and intermittent bolus resulted in nearly identical propofol dosage during ERCP, even when adjusted for body weight.…”

Safety and Efficacy of Deep Sedation with Propofol Alone or Combined with Midazolam Administrated by Nonanesthesiologist for Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

“…5,14,15 Recently, several studies have revealed most adverse events associated with propofol sedation were mild and often transient during advanced interventional endoscopic procedure. 12,[16][17][18] A randomized study in Japan, which compared continuous propofol infusion with intermittent midazolam injection during ESD for EGC, found that propofol is a safe and effective sedative agent and that patients treated with propofol had a quicker recovery than those who were treated with midazolam. 3 In those studies, however, sedation was mostly targeted to a moderate level and did not monitor an accurate sedation level during the procedure.…”

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications: Techniques to reduce risk and management strategies

“…1,16,22 The rates of CPE are higher for ERCP than general endoscopic procedures due to the complexity of intervention, use of electrocautery, increased length of procedure, often increased underlying morbidity of the patient, and the need for deeper sedation. 218 …”

“…Multiple meta-analyses have shown no increased risk of CPEs with propofol usage and possibly shorter recovery times. [218][219][220][221] The decision to proceed with general anesthesia should be made by the endoscopists and anesthesia team and be individualized based on patient morbidity and complexity of the underlying procedure. Generally in cases of duodenal/gastric outlet obstruction, gastric stasis, or anticipated long procedure times, general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation may be wise to prevent aspiration.…”