Proportional Assist Ventilation Improves Leg Muscle Reoxygenation After Exercise in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Abstract

BackgroundRespiratory muscle unloading through proportional assist ventilation (PAV) may enhance leg oxygen delivery, thereby speeding off-exercise oxygen uptake (V.⁢O2) kinetics in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsTen male patients (HFrEF = 26 ± 9%, age 50 ± 13 years, and body mass index 25 ± 3 kg m2) underwent two constant work rate tests at 80% peak of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to tolerance under PAV and sham ventilation. Post-exercise kinetics of V.⁢O2, vastus lateralis deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb + Mb]) by near-infrared spectroscopy, and cardiac output (QT) by impedance cardiography were assessed.ResultsPAV prolonged exercise tolerance compared with sham (587 ± 390 s vs. 444 ± 296 s, respectively; p = 0.01). PAV significantly accelerated V.⁢O2 recovery (τ = 56 ± 22 s vs. 77 ± 42 s; p < 0.05), being associated with a faster decline in Δ[deoxy-Hb + Mb] and QT compared with sham (τ = 31 ± 19 s vs. 42 ± 22 s and 39 ± 22 s vs. 78 ± 46 s, p < 0.05). Faster off-exercise decrease in QT with PAV was related to longer exercise duration (r = −0.76; p < 0.05).ConclusionPAV accelerates the recovery of central hemodynamics and muscle oxygenation in HFrEF. These beneficial effects might prove useful to improve the tolerance to repeated exercise during cardiac rehabilitation.

The Need for Breathing Training Techniques: The Elephant in the Heart Failure Cardiac Rehabilitation Room: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Furthermore, the significant improvements reported in anaerobic threshold during cardiopulmonary exercise may be attributed to the significant reduction in ventilation (VE) in group A. This came in parallel with the study of Audrey et al [ 37 ] in which reducing the work of breathing using a proportional assist ventilator during cycling exercise increased the blood flow to the legs. An average 50% reduction in the work of breathing results in a 5–7% increase in leg blood flow.…”

Prognostic value of key variables from cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with COPD: 42-month follow-up

“…Breath-bybreath analysis ventilatory expired gas analysis was obtained throughout the test. Incremental adjustment of work rate was individually selected (usually 5-10 W/min) [13]. The load increment was individually selected based on the symptoms of dyspnea reported by the patient during physical activity and the experience of the research team.…”