Proposal for extension of routine tests of the inductive current transformers to evaluation of transformation accuracy of higher harmonics

Kaczmarek, M.; Stano, Ernest

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.06.034

Cited by 34 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the presented application, the tested wideband power source was used for generation of a distorted current for supplying the step-up current transformer required for testing the inductive current transformer's accuracy in transforming the harmonics [7,17]. Therefore, laboratory tests were performed in order to determine their frequency band of operation and the required rms values of the main and higher harmonics of the distorted output current of the step-up current transformer.…”

Section: Application Of Tested Wideband Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency band of the HCT operation is reported in [17]. The transformation accuracy of the CT, similar to the one used in this measuring system, is analyzed in [7].…”

Section: Application Of Tested Wideband Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of inductive current transformers this may even have a negative impact on their transformation accuracy of the main component of the distorted current [2]. Of course, ratio and phase errors in the transformation of higher harmonics are usually different than determined for sinusoidal signals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, the 0.1 and 0.2 accuracy classes of inductive current transformers designed for transformation of sinusoidal currents of frequency 50 Hz may be preserved to 5 kHz [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course, ratio and phase errors in the transformation of higher harmonics are usually different than determined for sinusoidal signals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, the 0.1 and 0.2 accuracy classes of inductive current transformers designed for transformation of sinusoidal currents of frequency 50 Hz may be preserved to 5 kHz [7]. In the case of the inductive voltage transformers designed for transformation of sinusoidal voltages, their frequency range of operation without resonance for higher harmonics is dependent on the rms value of the primary voltage [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Wideband Power Sources Used to Supply Step-Up Current Transformers for Generation of Distorted Currents

Kaczmarek

2020

Energies

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In this paper a comparison of the wideband power sources of a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter and a power supply composed of an audio power amplifier and a two-channel arbitrary generator is discussed. Their application is to supply a step-up current transformer for generation of the distorted current required to test the transformation accuracy of the distorted currents of the inductive current transformers. The proposed equations allow to calculate the maximum rms values of higher harmonic of distorted currents for its required main harmonic component. Moreover, they also enable the calculation of the maximum rms values of the main harmonic of the distorted current for which the required higher harmonic component may be obtained. This defines the usable bandwidth of the tested power source for their specific load. During work on high inductive impedance, the maximum voltage is the limitation that determines the higher harmonic value. While for resistive loads, the maximum current and the transistor’s slew rate are the limiting factors. The usage of the compensation system for the inductive reactance of the step-up current transformer under supply significantly increased its maximum output current. Its rms value with a 10% higher harmonic component up to 5 kHz was almost 400 A instead 100 A for the PWM-based power source and about 800 A instead 200 A for the power supply system with the audio amplifier.

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Section: Application Of Tested Wideband Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency band of the HCT operation is reported in [17]. The transformation accuracy of the CT, similar to the one used in this measuring system, is analyzed in [7].…”

Section: Application Of Tested Wideband Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Wideband Power Sources Used to Supply Step-Up Current Transformers for Generation of Distorted Currents

Kaczmarek

2020

Energies

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“…Consequently, studies on ITs behavior at non-rated conditions, including effects of a low PQ, are always vivid and current. In [37][38][39] effects of the harmonics and mitigation techniques have been developed for current transformers (CTs), while the same issue has been tackled in [40,41] for voltage transformers (VTs). A comparison among MV VTs, for PQ purposes has been completed in [42], while the effects of modulation on CTs has been studied in [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Closed-form Expression to Estimate the Uncertainty of THD Starting from the LPIT Accuracy Class

Mingotti

Peretto

Tinarelli

2020

Sensors

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Power quality is a wide-ranging and current topic that involves a huge effort from the scientific community. Power quality issues have to be avoided or solved in order to preserve the integrity of the network and its assets. To this purpose, several power quality indexes and measurement techniques have been developed and used by experts. This paper aims at solving the issue of having an uncertainty associated to the total harmonic distortion (THD) measurements. The idea is to obtain a close-form expression, which only requires the knowledge of the instrument transformer accuracy class, to estimate the mean value and the variance of THD. After the development of such an expression, it has been tested and stressed to confirm its effectiveness and applicability in a variety of conditions, and for harmonics up to 25th (of 50 Hz), defined by the standards.

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On the use of Real-Time transformer temperature estimation for improving transformer operational tripping Schemes

Cong¹,

Wall²,

Li³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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Proposal for extension of routine tests of the inductive current transformers to evaluation of transformation accuracy of higher harmonics

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of the Wideband Power Sources Used to Supply Step-Up Current Transformers for Generation of Distorted Currents

Comparison of the Wideband Power Sources Used to Supply Step-Up Current Transformers for Generation of Distorted Currents

A Closed-form Expression to Estimate the Uncertainty of THD Starting from the LPIT Accuracy Class

On the use of Real-Time transformer temperature estimation for improving transformer operational tripping Schemes

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