“…According to our literature review, a few empirical research studies have been performed on implementing game elements in the Moodle platform. These studies implemented different gamification elements, with points, badges and leaderboards being the most popular game elements included (Barata et al, 2017;Dias, 2017;García-Iruela, and Hij on-Neira, 2018;Hew et al, 2016;Katsigiannakis and Karagiannidis, 2017;Olsson et al, 2015). In the Student engagement and performance implementation of gamification, the most common game element used in Moodle is the digital badge, while other game elements are applied by some add-on software tools.…”