Proposal of a New Hf(IV)/Zr(IV) Separation System by the Solvent Extraction Method

Abstract

A liquid-liquid extraction study has been conducted to separate hafnium from zirconium, using Cyanex 301 in kerosene. Noticeably, it is the first time that Cyanex 301 is utilized to separate Hf(IV) from Zr(IV). In this series of experiments, several parameters influencing the separation have been investigated, such as the initial pH, the extractant concentration, the metal ion concentration, the temperature, the type of the diluents and the salt addition. Regarding the aging of the Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) solutions, the solutions with a maximum 3 d aging time could be used with no difficulties. It was observed that the initial pH increase caused an increase in the Zr(IV)/Hf(IV) separation factor. Moreover, the distribution decreased with the temperature increase, suggesting that the reaction is exothermic. In agreement with the resulting data, the optimum separation factor illustrates the value of 7 at a pH of 4.00 in the presence of NaCl as an added salt. The attractive characteristics of the presently designed method are the use of low acidic nitrate solutions, the lack of using thiocyanate and a higher extractability of hafnium-Cyanex 301 relative to zirconium-Cyanex 301 complexes.

Zirconium preconcentration from zircon raffinate using gamma radiation–induced polymerization of reduced graphene oxide composite

“…Numerous solvent extraction studies were carried out to investigate zirconium extraction from various solutions, such as organic phosphorus compounds such as TBP (Aliakbari et al 2014 ), TOPO (Banda et al 2013 ), TRPO (trialkylphosphine oxide) (Xu et al 2012 ), CYANEX 301 and 302 (Saberyan et al 2008 , 2010 ), CYANEX 272 (Taghizadeh et al 2009 ), CYANEX 923 (Taghizadeh et al 2011 ), CYANEX 921 (El Shafie et al 2014 ), amines (Lakshmanan et al 2014 ), and D 2 EHPA (Taghizadeh et al 2009 ; De Beer et al 2016 ). All these mentioned solvents showed good results for zirconium recovery.…”

Production of highly purified zirconium oxide from zircon mineral leach liquor using bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as a promising extractant

“…Many solvent extraction investigations were carried out for extracting zirconium from different solutions as, organophosphorus compounds includes TBP (Aliakbari et al 2014), TOPO (Banda et al 2013), TRPO (trialkylphosphine oxide) (Xu et al 2012), Cyanex301 and 302 (Saberyan et al 2008(Saberyan et al , 2010, Cyanex272 (Taghizadeh et al 2009), Cyanex923 (Taghizadeh et al 2011), Cyanex921 (El Shafie et al 2014, amines (Lakshmanan et al 2014), D 2 EHPA (Taghizadeh et al 2009;De beer et al 2016) used Ionquest 801 to separate hafnium from zirconium these investigations showed a good results for extracting zirconium.…”

Breaking through the Separation Barrier of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV): Magical Effect of the Bisamide Ligand

“…), − acidic ligand (P204, Cyanex301, Cyanex 272, etc. ), − amine ligand (Aliquat 336, TEHA23, Ala-mine 308, etc. ), and so on. − Using different extraction mechanisms, several well-established Zr­(IV) and Hf­(IV) separation systems have been developed.…”