Proposed components for the design of a smart nano-grid for a domestic electrical system that operates at below 50V DC

Abstract

The need and advantages of the use of direct current voltage for domestic usage has been presented, however at a very-low dc voltage, the system suffers from voltage loss constraints and higher than usual load currents. Some of the parameters that cause load-induced voltage drops and the resultant ramifications to the usability of the electric network are discussed. The system needs a dynamic mechanism to control the voltage at any node each and every time a new load is connected or a load is removed from the system. This paper seeks to use smart house technology in the form of a smart grid, intelligent appliances and interactive power nodes to circumvent and mitigate these problems. The requirements and possible components that the smart grid will need to provide, are set forth. The use of power line communications over the DC electricity mains using CAN-bus or LIN-bus protocols is discussed.Index Termsalternating current voltage, automatic voltage control, direct current voltage, dynamic control mechanism, intelligent appliances, nanogrid, power line communications, smart grids, smart house technology, voltage drop, 7 X. BIOGRAPHY Moshe Chaim Kinn: BEng. City University London 1995, MPhil. The University Manchester 2011, MIET AMIAHE.

Realising full‐selective sources contribution in AC nano‐grids

“…It can be seen that (14)- (16) are included in (17) and (18). So, to obtain the required capacities of the CPUs, (17) and (18) are enough.…”

“…On the other hand, a NG is a compact smallscale grid including several sources, loads, and energy storages, which can work in grid connected or standalone modes. From grid scale aspect, a NG can be implemented in residential and commercial buildings with capacity about 2-20 kW [13][14][15][16]. Different studies regarding NGs can be broadly categorised into NG concept and its future developments [17][18][19][20][21], NG control [15,[22][23][24][25], NG hardware [26][27][28][29][30][31], interaction of NG with other networks [32][33][34][35][36], and actual implementation of NG [37][38][39][40].…”

Structural Condition for Controllable Power Flow System Containing Controllable and Fluctuating Power Devices

“…The power structure of these facilities is changing dynamically due to the integration of distributed power sources [13,14]. One example of such changing structure is a Nano-grid (NG) [15][16][17]. It includes numerous power generating sources, an in-house or building power distribution system, and energy storage functions as well as a variety of consumer devices such as lighting, TV, heating/ventilation/air-conditioning, and cooking, i.e., such power systems need to have a sophisticated power control function that can manage dynamically changing power consumption and power supply conditions.…”

Full‐selective contribution of sources in DC nanogrids using a technique based on buck/boost converter

“…Gateway utilises energy converters to enable power transfer between nanogrid and other power grids. The applied nanogrids in commercial or residential buildings have a nominal power of 2-20 kW that consist of different power sources, electrical loads, and energy storage systems [16][17][18].…”