Proposed mechanisms of Terminalia catappa in hyperglycaemia and associated diabetic complications

Abstract

Objectives Terminalia catappa has shown potent antidiabetic activity in the past; however, the exact molecular mechanisms by which it acts have not been elucidated. This review aims at exploring several hypotheses which have been proposed to explain its mechanism of action, including reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, lipid profile correction and direct hypoglycaemic actions. Methods A thorough review of all the articles, research as well as reviews, available regarding the concerned topic was performed. MEDLINE databases were searched using keywords (and their combinations), such as T. catappa, renin oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, a-glucosidase and a-amylase, among several others. English-language articles were preferably selected. Key findings Apart from metabolic dysfunctions, several hyperglycaemiainduced pathological conditions come into scene as the after-effects of diabetes. These mainly include inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and lipid profile alteration, which ultimately result in vascular endothelial dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis of endothelial, hepatic and neuronal cells. Terminalia catappa effectively attenuates the progression of diabetic retinopathy and shows significant hypoglycaemic actions. The mechanisms behind these effects were explained. Conclusion Terminalia catappa may provide an effective natural product to treat hyperglycaemia and prevent subsequent diabetic complications.

Phytochemicals: Extraction and Preliminary Investigation of Bioactive Compounds from Rumex Vesicarius and Terminalia Catappa Plant

“…It regulates the cholesterol level by inhibiting the activity of HMG CoA reductase (Naitik P, 2012). Several studies has been carried out to determine the hyperglycemic activity of T. catappa and it shows that the plant can be employed as an effective natural product for treatment of hyperglycemia as well as is able to reduce the complications of diabetes (Behl and Kotwani, 2017). On the other hand Rumex vesicarius is also a medicinally important plant due to its effective bioactive compounds.…”

Phytochemicals: Target-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Retinopathy

“…These include suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of superoxide generation, downregulation of inflammatory and angiogenic factors, restoration of balance between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and suppression of enzymatic-activity-related glucose absorption. T. catappa is thus valuable as an effective natural therapy to inhibit the progression of DR and has potential application in first-line therapies [ 71 ].…”

Plants of the Genus Terminalia: An Insight on Its Biological Potentials, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

“…has been used to treat brown-erythematous excoriated papules, plaques, and lichenification in the formulation of scented smoke baths ( Kibar Ozturk et al., 2018 ). In traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa L. leaves are used to treat antipyretic, hemostatic, hepatitis, and liver-related diseases T. catappa L. is also used to manage diabetic due to its property of reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, lipid profile correction, and direct hypoglycemic actions ( Behl and Kotwani, 2017 ). Extracts from the leaves of T. catappa L. has been reported to attenuate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) ( Allyn et al., 2018 ).…”