Proposing a framework for sustainable feed formulation for laying hens: A systematic review of recent developments and future directions

Heidari, Mohammad Davoud; Gandasasmita, Suryo; Li, Eric; Pelletier, Nathan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125585

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…As a result, most insect farming companies do not use organic waste and instead rely on high-quality, often grain-based substrates (Gibson, 2022;Faes, 2022). These substrates are already widely used as animal feed (Heidari et al, 2021), meaning that insect agriculture usually competes with these established sectors. Separately, insects fed using organic waste could compete with anaerobic production, which also uses waste to produce biofuel, electricity, or heat (Thévenot et al, 2018).…”

Section: Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Have the environmental benefits of insect farming been overstated? A critical review

Biteau,

Bry-Chevalier,

Crummett

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Humanity's food system has an immense environmental impact, and insects have been frequently proposed as a more environmentally sustainable option. The industrialised farming of insects for livestock feed and human food has attracted the attention of industry, policymakers, and the scientific community. However, many of the benefits commonly mentioned by companies and proponents of insect farming are challenged by current scientific evidence. This review examines the evidence used to assess insect farming's environmental benefits and drawbacks for both human food and animal feed. Significant knowledge gaps remain. Most studies have been conducted in small-scale settings, which may not accurately reflect real-world, industrial conditions. There are significant uncertainties, with many authors highlighting the fact that the future environmental impact of large-scale insect production is largely unknown. This is especially true given claims that insects can be fed on food waste and that insect frass can be used as fertiliser, both of which have considerable challenges to overcome at scale. Lastly, most insect based foods replace plant-based products with limited environmental impact rather than meat, and several studies indicate that insects-based feeds and pet food can have a larger environmental impact than conventional products. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review highlights key areas for further research and ensures policymakers have a clearer picture of the remaining uncertainties surrounding this emerging industry.

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Section: Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Have the environmental benefits of insect farming been overstated? A critical review

Biteau,

Bry-Chevalier,

Crummett

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Linear programming is the most widely used method for diet formulation and involves determining the level of incorporation of the available feed ingredients that, by respecting a series of linear constraints, will minimize (or maximize) an objective function, typically the cost of the blend. Other methods, such as goal programming, are proposed as an extension of linear programming to include several optimization criteria (30). Nonetheless, the main characteristics of these methods are the result of the linear nature of the objective function and constraints (31), which requires the verification of important assumptions such as the additivity (the value of the objective function is the sum of the contributions of each ingredient, and, similarly, the nutritional contribution of a blend of ingredients is the sum of the nutrient contribution of each ingredient), proportionality (the change in the contribution of an ingredient in a blend changes the nutritional value and cost of the blend in proportion to the change) and divisibility (the incorporation of an ingredient in a mixture is divisible indefinitely, and there are no ingredient or nutrient interactions).…”

Section: Formulating Balanced Diets To Reduce Nutrient Losses and Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, reducing the environmental footprint by adding environmental objectives in the diet formulation method is often considered a complex and costly task that adversely affects production competitiveness. Introducing environmental objectives in the diet formulation algorithms can be accomplished by modifying the traditional least-cost formulation algorithm (37)(38)(39), using goal and other programming techniques (30,(40)(41)(42) and others. However, whatever formulation method is chosen, the environmental criteria to be minimized must be those that will have the greatest impact on the environmental footprint of production.…”

Section: Formulating Balanced Diets To Reduce Nutrient Losses and Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Strategies to Reduce Nutrient Losses and Improve the Sustainability of Growing Pigs

2021

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The efficiency of pig production using nutrients has increased over the years. Still, better efficiency of nutrient utilization can be achieved by feeding pigs with diets adjusted to their estimated requirements. An increase in nutrient efficiency of utilization represents economic gains while maximizing environmental performance. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of different methods of diet formulation that provide farm animals with the amount of nutrients to satisfy their needs while minimizing nutrient excretion and greenhouse gas emissions. Diet formulation is one tool that can help to maximize nitrogen and energy utilization by decreasing crude protein content in diets. The use of local feedstuff and non-human-edible products (e.g., canola meal) associated with synthetic amino acid inclusion in the diet are valuable techniques to reduce carbon footprint. Precision feeding and nutrition is another powerful tool that allows not only daily tailoring of diets for maximal nutrient efficiency of utilization but also to reduce costs and improve nitrogen efficiency of utilization. In this review, we simulated through mathematical models the nitrogen and energy efficiency of utilization resulting from crude protein reduction in the diet. An 8% crude protein reduction in the diet can increase nitrogen efficiency of utilization by 54% while costing 11% less than a control diet without synthetic amino acids. The same reduction in crude protein represented a major improvement in available energy due to the decrease of energetic losses linked to protein deamination. Urinary and hindgut fermentation energy losses were 24% lower for pigs fed with low-protein diets when compared to control diets. In terms of modern feeding techniques and strategies, precision feeding and nutrition can decrease nitrogen excretion by 30% when compared to group phase feeding. The benefits of feeding pigs with low-protein diets and precision feeding techniques are additive and might result in a 61% nitrogen efficiency of utilization. There is room for improvement in the way nutrient requirements are estimated in pigs. Improving the understanding of the variation of nutrient utilization among pigs can contribute to further environmental gains.

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“…Maize is the most widely used cereal in complete feeds for poultry [ 13 , 14 ] and is recognized as one of the most important cereals [ 4 ]. It contains numerous micronutrients, among which tocopherols and tocotrienols are relatively abundant maize antioxidants [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccessibility of Tocols in Commercial Maize Hybrids Determined by an In Vitro Digestion Model for Poultry

et al. 2023

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Despite the high proportion of maize grain in animal diets, the contribution made by maize phytochemicals is neglected. Tocols and their contribution to the vitamin E content of animal diets are one example, exacerbated by sparse information on the tocol bioaccessibility of commercial hybrids. In this study, the contents of individual and total tocols and their bioaccessibility were determined in the grain samples of 103 commercial hybrids using a standardized INFOGEST digestion procedure. In the studied hybrids, total tocol content ranged from 19.24 to 54.44 µg/g of dry matter. The contents of micellar α-, γ-, δ-tocopherols, γ-tocotrienol, and total tocols correlated positively with the corresponding contents in the grain samples of the studied hybrids. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between the bioaccessibility of γ- tocopherol, α- and γ-tocotrienol, and total tocols, along with the corresponding contents in the grain of studied hybrids. The highest bioaccessibility was exhibited by γ-tocotrienol (532.77 g/kg), followed by δ-tocopherol (529.88 g/kg), γ-tocopherol (461.76 g/kg), α-tocopherol (406.49 g/kg), and α-tocotrienol (359.07 g/kg). Overall, there are significant differences in the content and bioaccessibility of total and individual tocols among commercial maize hybrids, allowing the selection of hybrids for animal production based not only on crude chemical composition but also on the content of phytochemicals.

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Proposing a framework for sustainable feed formulation for laying hens: A systematic review of recent developments and future directions

Cited by 7 publications

References 87 publications

Have the environmental benefits of insect farming been overstated? A critical review

Have the environmental benefits of insect farming been overstated? A critical review

Feeding Strategies to Reduce Nutrient Losses and Improve the Sustainability of Growing Pigs

Bioaccessibility of Tocols in Commercial Maize Hybrids Determined by an In Vitro Digestion Model for Poultry

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