“…697 By taking joint action, cities amplify the impact of their policy decisions, which can complement or even substitute for action, or lack of action, at the national level. 698 Mayors of C40 cities, for instance, have pledged that their cities will use only emission free buses starting in 2025 and that by 2030 a major area of their cities would be emission free by 2030. 699 Nine African cities -Accra, Addis Ababa, Cape Town, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Johannesburg, Lagos and Tshwane -have pledged to cut carbon emissions to zero by 2050.…”