Propositional speech in unselected stroke: The effect of genre and external support

Law, Bonnie; Young, Breanne; Pinsker, Donna; Robinson, Gail

doi:10.1080/09602011.2014.937443

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…For each individual cognitive test, patients were classified as cognitively impaired if they scored <5th percentile (i.e., 5% cut-off), with an intact performance ≥5% cut-off [for similar methodology, see Ref. (18, 39)]. For the Proverb Interpretation Test of verbal abstraction, an impaired performance was a score of <5/8 [for scoring details, see Ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Screening in Brain Tumors: Short but Sensitive Enough?

2015

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Cognitive deficits in brain tumors are generally thought to be relatively mild and non-specific, although recent evidence challenges this notion. One possibility is that cognitive screening tools are being used to assess cognitive functions but their sensitivity to detect cognitive impairment may be limited. For improved sensitivity to recognize mild and/or focal cognitive deficits in brain tumors, neuropsychological evaluation tailored to detect specific impairments has been thought crucial. This study investigates the sensitivity of a cognitive screening tool, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), compared to a brief but tailored cognitive assessment (CA) for identifying cognitive deficits in an unselected primary brain tumor sample (i.e., low/high-grade gliomas, meningiomas). Performance is compared on broad measures of impairment: (a) number of patients impaired on the global screening measure or in any cognitive domain; and (b) number of cognitive domains impaired and specific analyses of MoCA-Intact and MoCA-Impaired patients on specific cognitive tests. The MoCA-Impaired group obtained lower naming and word fluency scores than the MoCA-Intact group, but otherwise performed comparably on cognitive tests. Overall, based on our results from patients with brain tumor, the MoCA has extremely poor sensitivity for detecting cognitive impairments and a brief but tailored CA is necessary. These findings will be discussed in relation to broader issues for clinical management and planning, as well as specific considerations for neuropsychological assessment of brain tumor patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Screening in Brain Tumors: Short but Sensitive Enough?

2015

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“…RNZ's sharp decline in speech rate did not occur until the last 15 seconds in the "favourite holiday" task, and RC maintained a higher speech rate throughout. Although the picture provided cues that were not available in the selfgenerated narrative task, it is worth noting that picture description tasks place high demands on sequencing mechanisms, which might contribute to the speech rate decline (Law et al, 2015). Furthermore, the nature of the "favourite holiday" task might provide more intrinsic motivation, which may boost energization and result in a higher speech rate (Robinson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Spontaneous Speech and Energizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energization and spoken language production: Evidence from progressive supranuclear palsy

et al. 2018

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Energization is the process of initiating and sustaining a response over time. It has been described as one of three key "supervisory" attentional control processes associated with the frontal lobes. Attentional mechanisms, such as energization, are critical for a range of cognitive functions, such as spontaneous speech and other higher-order tasks. We aimed to investigate the process of energization in a case series of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Patients with a diagnosis of PSP (N = 5), patient controls with a neurodegenerative condition (Alzheimer's disease N = 3, frontotemporal dementia N = 2) and healthy older adult controls (N = 30) were assessed on a standard neuropsychological battery, including executive tasks and standard attention and language tests. Energization was investigated using word fluency tasks, samples of spontaneous speech and an experimental button-pressing concentration task. Response rates for the word fluency, spontaneous speech and concentration tasks were separated into time periods, in order to compare response rates at different points across the tasks (e.g., first 15 s vs. last 45 s in a 60 s task). Four PSP patients showed a clear response pattern indicative of a decrease in energization. Healthy and patient controls remained consistent in their responding over time. Understanding how these underlying processes are impaired in PSP can ultimately inform intervention and management strategies, and has theoretical implications for models of spoken language production.

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“…As predicted, stroke patients were impaired in global coherence, suggesting deficits in the ability to adequately maintain the topic of narrative speech. Notably, stroke patients produced a large number of propositional repetitions, suggesting that their global coherence deficit may be underpinned by a more generalised tendency to insert repetitive comments into their narratives, highlighting difficulties in producing novel conceptual information (see also Law et al, 2015). Perhaps of relevance here is that increased propositional repetitions and tangential sentences in connected speech were related to poorer word comprehension skills (Language Baseline:…”

Section: Connected Speech In Strokementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Sustained and selective attention, as well as Hayling suppression errors, were associated with an increase in repetitive speech and reduced global coherence. This suggests that reductions in attention, and impairments in executive mechanisms such as inhibition, may mediate these difficulties following stroke, even when overall cognitive deficits were mild (as detailed in Law et. al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, picture description tasks usually require a speaker to generate language centred on a complex or composite scene in which multiple actions are taking place (Brady, Armstrong, & Mackenzie, 2005). Alternatively, the examiner may ask an open-ended question or provide a topic cue; for example, an individual may be asked to speak about their favourite actress or film (Robinson, Shallice & Cipolotti, 2006), retell a familiar story (e.g., Cinderella; Saffran, Berndt & Schwartz, 1989), relive a past experience (Blank, Scott, Murphy, Warburton & Wise, 2002;Ulatowska, North & Macaluso-Haynes, 1981), or discuss any familiar topic (Law, Young, Pinsker & Robinson, 2015).…”

Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of attention and emotion in message formulation

Barker¹

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The production of propositional language is unique and central to the human experience. Distinct from core spoken language skills (e.g., reading, naming, repeating), propositional language is voluntary, spontaneous, and novel to a context. Before producing propositional language, the speaker must conceptualise or formulate a message for expression. This preverbal stage of conceptualisation represents the interface between broader cognition and language. However, experimental studies addressing the relationship between cognition and spoken language in nonaphasic populations are scarce, and thus the interplay between language and cognition remains poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of attention in propositional language production. This thesis includes four studies. The first study (Chapter 2) is an investigation of connected speech in mild stroke patients without aphasia (N = 18) and matched healthy controls (N = 21). We analysed the coherence and cohesion of connected speech samples, and assessed baseline cognitive skills including sustained attention, selective attention, and executive functions. Cohesion and coherence impairments were found in the stroke group relative to controls. Correlations between language measures and attention and executive skills revealed that better performance on the attention and executive tasks was associated with more cohesive and coherent speech. This pattern Preamble The work contained in this chapter has been published in Brain & Language (Barker, Young & Robinson, 2017). Figures, tables and formatting have been adapted to fit the thesis format. As this chapter was prepared as in independent piece of work, parts of the introduction will repeat information presented in the General Introduction. Some terminology has been altered to be consistent with subsequent thesis chapters and to reflect the current state of the field.

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Propositional speech in unselected stroke: The effect of genre and external support

Cited by 16 publications

References 76 publications

Cognitive Screening in Brain Tumors: Short but Sensitive Enough?

Cognitive Screening in Brain Tumors: Short but Sensitive Enough?

Energization and spoken language production: Evidence from progressive supranuclear palsy

The role of attention and emotion in message formulation

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