Proposta de gestão do absenteísmo da enfermagem hospitalar: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To search the literature for information on interdependent factors influencing absenteeism of hospital nurses using a multicausal perspective analysis and to identify possible management and control actions. Methods: This systematic review included publications from 2013 to 2017. We used keywords from databases available at the portal of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). EndNote ® software was used to manage data, and we followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Results: A total of 269 articles were retrieved, and 39 of them met our inclusion criteria. Studies that attributed absenteeism to a number of non-specific reasons accounted for 23.08% of the sample. The organization in work environment was defined as the reason in 20.51% of reports, musculoskeletal disease was the main reasons in 7.69%, and mental and behavioral disorders made up 10.26% of pointed causes. The Burnout syndrome was attributed as the reason for absenteeism in 7.69% of reports; satisfaction in work and psychological aspects accounted for 5.13% each in the studies, and relationship with other members of the nursing team, bullying and resilience, work environment, fatigue and conflicts with patients each were the reason in 2.56% of the studies analyzed in our systematic review. Conclusion: Absenteeism must be treated from a multiple, holistic, epidemiologic and prospective perspectives by adoption of organizational, physical and cognitive variables that are compatible with multicausal analyses. ResumoObjetivo: Investigar na literatura o conhecimento disponível sobre a interdependência dos agentes desencadeantes do absenteísmo da enfermagem hospitalar para inferir, a partir de uma perspectiva multicausal, possíveis ações de gestão e controle. Resultados: Finalizado o processo de depuração dos 269 artigos recuperados, 39 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos e, deles, 23,08% atribuiu a origem do absenteísmo a causas diversas não específicas. A organização do trabalho foi identificada como causa em 20,51% do material analisado, os adoecimentos musculoesqueléticos 15,38% e, os transtornos mentais e comportamentais totalizaram 10,26%. A síndrome de Burnout, 7,69% dos artigos, a satisfação no trabalho e os aspectos psicossociais 5,13% cada, relacionamento com demais membros das equipes, assédio e resiliência, ambiente laboral, fadiga e conflitos com o paciente, cada um, com 2,56% dos artigos analisados na revisão sistemática. Conclusão: Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o absenteísmo deve ser tratado a partir de uma perspectiva múltipla, holística, epidemiológica e prospectiva através de variáveis organizacionais, físicas e cognitivas compatíveis com as análises multicausais.

Working Excessively and Burnout Among Nurses in the Context of Sick Leaves

“…An increase in the overall burnout rate of the MBI questionnaire by 1 point increases the probability that an employee will take at least three sick leaves per year by 2.9%. Similar correlation between burnout and absenteeism was found in the United States (Dyrbye et al, 2019) and Brazil (Da Silva and Diaz Merino, 2017), but no regression model presenting detailed correlation parameters was developed. A Danish team of researchers, however, identified occupational burnout as a predictor of sickness absence among human service workers (Borritz et al, 2010).…”

Nursing work in the surgical ward and psychosocial risks related to management modes

“…Moreover, individualist, collectivist and directive management styles showed a positive correlation with absence from work. The cause of absenteeism or of sickness absence due to illness by the nursing team is related to work organization and the strategies used to reduce absenteeism, when operated incorrectly, can often overburden the teams even more, feeding back the absenteeism itself (20) , which reinforces the importance of the type of management adopted. The normative style was the only one that did not show a positive correlation with absence from work, which can be attributed to the fact that this is a characteristic of nursing work.…”

Associação entre absenteísmo e ambiente de trabalho dos técnicos de enfermagem

“…1,2 It has a multi-factorial etiology and can be divided into three areas: personal factors, such as age, family characteristics and quality of life; organizational factors, such as job satisfaction and leadership; and factors related to the workplace, such as overload of activities and quality of the work environment. 3,4 Identifying the direct influence of the quality of the work environment on absenteeism is essential, since this knowledge provides subsidies for the management of health institutions to promote actions that result in improving the quality of the environment, whether with improvements in infrastructure, dimensioning of human resources and organizational culture; so that the worker's health is not affected, increasing job satisfaction, reducing absenteeism and, consequently, improving quality of care.…”