Proprioception

Tuthill, John C.; Azim, Eiman

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.064

Cited by 354 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Sensory input from the mating partner is essential for successful mating and accordingly, many sensory neurons in copulation circuits are dedicated to this purpose (reviewed in 61 and 3 ). However, coordinated motor control in all animals requires also proprioception, sensory feedback from internal tissues that inform the individual about its posture and strength exerted during movement 62,63 . Several putative proprioceptive neurons have been identified in C. elegans (reviewed in 64 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct glia-to-neuron natural transdifferentiation ensures nimble sensory-motor coordination of male mating behaviour

García

Kim²,

Cook

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Sexually dimorphic behaviours require underlying differences in the nervous system between males and females. The extent to which nervous systems are sexually dimorphic and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate these differences are only beginning to be understood. We reveal here a novel mechanism to generate male-specific neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, through the direct transdifferentiation of sex-shared glial cells. This glia-to-neuron cell fate switch occurs during male sexual maturation under the cell-autonomous control of the sex-determination pathway. We show that the neurons generated are cholinergic, peptidergic and ciliated putative proprioceptors which integrate into male-specific circuits for copulation. These neurons ensure coordinated backward movement along the mate's body during mating. One step of the mating sequence regulated by these neurons is an alternative readjustment movement performed when intromission becomes difficult to achieve. Our findings reveal programmed transdifferentiation as a developmental mechanism underlying flexibility in innate behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct glia-to-neuron natural transdifferentiation ensures nimble sensory-motor coordination of male mating behaviour

García

Kim²,

Cook

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Experiment 2 aimed to investigate the contribution of visual feedback in the HBR enhancement while participants stay still in order to avoid movement updating so that proprioception remains not relevant for the system. Proprioception is mainly relevant when participants have to update constantly the body position in space during movements (Tuthill & Azim, ). In the absence of movements, the lack of proprioceptive updating makes proprioceptive information (at least that related to kinaesthesia) less relevant in the context of passive observation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: The role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses

Fossataro

Tieri

Grollero

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Our research focused on the role of vision and proprioception in modulating a defensive reflex (hand blink reflex, HBR) whose magnitude is enhanced when the threatened hand is inside the peripersonal space of the face. We capitalized on virtual reality, which allows dissociating vision and proprioception by presenting a virtual limb in congruent/incongruent positions with respect to the participants' limb. In experiment 1, participants placed their own stimulated hand in far/near positions with respect to their face (postural manipulation task), while observing a virtual empty scenario. Vision was not informative, but the HBR was significantly enhanced in near compared with far position, suggesting that proprioception is sufficient for the HBR modulation to occur. In experiment 2, participants did not perform the postural manipulation but they (passively) observed the avatar's virtual limb performing it. Proprioceptive signals were not informative, but the HBR was significantly enhanced when the observed virtual limb was near to the face, suggesting that visual information plays a role in modulating the HBR. In experiment 3, both participants and avatar performed the postural manipulation, either congruently (both of them far/near) or incongruently (one of them far, the other near). The HBR modulation was present only in congruent conditions. In incongruent conditions, the conflict between vision and proprioception confounded the system, abolishing the difference between far and near positions. Taken together, these findings promote the view that observing a virtual limb modulates the HBR, providing also new evidence on the role of vision and proprioception in modulating this subcortical reflex.

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“…As a further test of the size principle and recruitment order, we measured motor neuron responses to proprioceptive sensory feedback. A key function of proprioceptive feedback is to maintain stability by counteracting sudden perturbations, such as when an animal stumbles during walking (Tuthill and Azim, 2018). Larger perturbations require more corrective force, so as feedback increases it should result in the recruitment of additional motor neurons with increasing force production capacity.…”

Section: A Gradient Of Force Per Spike Across Motor Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A size principle for leg motor control inDrosophila

Azevedo

Dickinson

Gurung

et al. 2019

Preprint

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To move the body, the brain must precisely coordinate patterns of activity among diverse populations of motor neurons. In many species, including vertebrates, the motor neurons innervating a given muscle fire in a specific order that is determined by a gradient of cellular size and electrical excitability. This hierarchy allows premotor circuits to recruit motor neurons of increasing force capacity in a task-dependent manner. However, it remains unclear whether such a size principle also applies to species with more compact motor systems, such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which has just 53 motor neurons per leg. Using in vivo calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we found that genetically-identified motor neurons controlling flexion of the fly tibia exhibit a gradient of anatomical, physiological, and functional properties consistent with the size principle. Large, fast motor neurons control high force, ballistic movements while small, slow motor neurons control low force, postural movements. Intermediate neurons fall between these two extremes. In behaving flies, motor neurons are recruited in order from slow to fast. This hierarchical organization suggests that slow and fast motor neurons control distinct motor regimes. Indeed, we find that optogenetic manipulation of each motor neuron type has distinct effects on the behavior of walking flies.

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Proprioception

Cited by 354 publications

References 19 publications

A direct glia-to-neuron natural transdifferentiation ensures nimble sensory-motor coordination of male mating behaviour

A direct glia-to-neuron natural transdifferentiation ensures nimble sensory-motor coordination of male mating behaviour

Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: The role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses

A size principle for leg motor control inDrosophila

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