Propulsion of copper microswimmers in folded fluid channels by bipolar electrochemistry

Jiang, Jinzhi; Guo, Meihong; Yao, Fen-Zeng; Ju, Li; Sun, Jian‐Jun

doi:10.1039/c6ra25162e

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Commonly, motion is achieved by the formation of gas bubbles (H 2 or O 2 ) at the surface of the conducting object. For example, a copper wire, used as a bipolar electrode (BPE), can be propelled in folded channels with different angles (from 30° to 180°) due to the asymmetric formation of hydrogen bubbles at the cathodic side [52] . For a more detailed description of this technique the reader is invited to consult other publications [53–57] …”

Section: Motion‐driven By Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

et al. 2020

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Light‐emitting mobile systems are presented as an important concept for direct visualization and tracking of active objects. Motion or light emission can be achieved by different electrochemical mechanisms. Various devices, that generate light by fluorescence, (electro)chemiluminescence or via light emitting diodes are shown to be an interesting alternative for the detection or release of target molecules, providing straightforward optical imaging. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances with respect to the design and the potential applications of such original systems.

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Section: Motion‐driven By Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

et al. 2020

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“…BPEs have found application in many areas including electrochemical imaging, 1 electrokinetic separations, 2-5 materials synthesis, 6,7 electrocatalyst screening, 8 micromotors, 9,10 singlecell analysis, [11][12][13] visual voltammetry, 14,15 point-of-care sensing 16 and biosensing. 17 Recent advancements in bipolar electrochemical methods of analysis are discussed in a recent review by Rahn et al 18 A BPE comprises a conductor immersed in an electrolyte solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Cycling at an Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biosensing**

et al. 2021

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An array of many bipolar electrodes (BPEs) can be controlled by a single pair of driving electrodes yet allows for multiplexed analysis of many individual biomarkers or single cells at once. A wide range of bipolar electrochemical sensors have been devised, many of which operate under battery power and produce visible signals (e.g., luminescent, electrochromic) appropriate for smartphone or naked eye readout. These features of BPEs are advantageous in the context of clinical and environmental sensing applications at the point of need. However, the sensitivity of BPEs is poor in comparison to direct measurement of current at an individual electrode, and therefore, the enhancement of signals obtained at BPEs is an active area of research. Here, we describe signal amplification by redox cycling accomplished by interdigitation of each BPE in an array with a shared driving electrode. We evaluate amplification obtained for interelectrode spacing in the range of 35 m to 15 m. Each interdigitated BPE (IDBPE) in the array has an independent, reproducible, and linear response to a reversible electroactive analyte. Therefore, this universal amplification strategy allows for multiplexed or spatially resolved sensing in point-of-need applications.

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“…[1] The common point of all these approaches is that symmetry needs to be broken in one way or the other in order to generate directed motion, [2][3][4][5][6] thus leading to systems which can be used for various applications ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to environmental remediation. [7][8][9][10] In many of these examples locally modified electrokinetics are responsible for the motion, [6,[11][12][13][14] but also other energy sources such as light or magnetic fields have been studied in this context. [15][16][17] One concept which has emerged as an efficient approach to break the symmetry of chemical systems in a straightforward way, and thus to induce either directly or indirectly motion, is bipolar electrochemistry (BPE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Conducting Polymer Crawlers Based on Triple Symmetry Breaking

Gupta

Goudeau

Garrigue

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Bipolar electrochemistry can be used in different ways to induce motion of an object, for example by generating gas bubbles in an asymmetric way or by a wireless self-regeneration mechanism due to the intrinsic symmetry breaking of this concept. Here we explore a complementary approach based on conducting polymer objects addressed in solution by an electric field. The presence of the latter results in a differential polarization of the polymer, thus enabling its oxidation at one extremity and its reduction at the opposite side. This triggers different degrees of swelling and shrinking, leading to important deformations of the object. Combined with an additional asymmetry in the polymer surface morphology, a periodic switching of the electric field orientation allows exploiting these deformations to induce directed crawling motion. This first example of a wireless biomimetic crawler based on conducting polymers opens interesting long-term perspectives in several areas such as for example wireless valves, pumps and (micro)robotics.

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Propulsion of copper microswimmers in folded fluid channels by bipolar electrochemistry

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

Redox Cycling at an Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biosensing**

Bipolar Conducting Polymer Crawlers Based on Triple Symmetry Breaking

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