Propylene Glycol

Jacob, Sharon E.; Scheman, Andrew; McGowan, Maria A.

doi:10.1097/der.0000000000000315

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For instance, excess cholesterol in the surfactant layer interrupts the organization and distribution of the lipid compartment of surfactant, thereby weakening its overall biophysical activities (43). The primary solvent constituents of ENDS vapor, particularly PG, have emulsifying properties that make them useful solvents in cosmetic and food additives (44). Such emulsifying properties, however, have the potential to initiate structural perturbations in the overall lipid phase of surfactant and produce the disruption in lipoprotein homeostasis that we observe after long-term exposure to ENDS solvents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine

Madison¹,

Landers²,

Gu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Investigation

303

266

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine

Madison¹,

Landers²,

Gu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Investigation

303

266

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“…It is an emerging allergen that is ubiquitous in cosmetics. 13 These allergens have been added to the 2019 modified facial series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propylene glycol is an emollient and emulsifier found in cosmetics, medications and food. It is an emerging allergen that is ubiquitous in cosmetics 13. These allergens have been added to the 2019 modified facial series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is in? What is out? Updating the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy facial series*

et al. 2020

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Background Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics is widely reported. To ensure we are accurately diagnosing ACD, patch test series should be continually reviewed to identify relevant and emerging allergens and highlight those that are outdated. The current British Society for Cutaneous Allergy (BSCA) facial series recommends 26 allergens and was last modified in 2012. Objectives To review and update the BSCA facial series. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the results from 12 UK and Ireland patch test centres' facial series from January 2016 to December 2017. We recorded the number of allergens tested in each centre and the detection rate for each allergen. Using a 0Á3% positive rate as the inclusion threshold, we established which allergens in the BSCA facial series had positive patch test rates < 0Á3% and > 0Á3%. Allergens not in the BSCA facial series that had a positive patch test rate > 0Á3% were identified. Results Overall, 4224 patients were patch tested to the facial series. The number of allergens included in individual centres' facial series ranged from 24 to 66, with a total of 103 allergens tested across all centres. Twelve of the 26 allergens in the BSCA facial series had a positive patch test rate < 0Á3% and 14 had a rate > 0Á3%. Twenty-five allergens not recommended in the BSCA facial series had a positive patch test rate > 0Á3%. Conclusions This audit has highlighted the significant variation in practice that exists among patch test centres, despite a recommended facial series. The BSCA facial series has been updated and now contains 24 allergens. Fifteen allergens remain, 11 allergens have been dropped and nine new allergens have been added. What is already known about this topic? • Facial dermatitis is one of the dominant presenting complaints of allergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics.

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“…Since our experiments were performed, propylene glycol has received the dubious honor of being named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's 'Allergen of the Year 2018' (Jacob et al, 2018). Adding this to the low solubility of melatonin in propylene glycol makes it hard to recommend using propylene glycol as a solvent for melatonin in clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol, glycofurol, and dimethyl sulfoxide

Zetner

Rosenberg

2020

F1000Res

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Introduction: Local administration of melatonin might prove useful in future clinical studies. Melatonin possesses poor solubility and stability in aqueous solutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the solubility and stability of melatonin when dissolved in glycofurol, propylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Methods: Two experiments were performed: solubility and stability. In the solubility experiment, we dissolved melatonin in 20% propylene glycol and 20% glycofurol solutions, respectively. For the stability experiment, we prepared three different formulations: melatonin and glycofurol (20% w/w, 10 mg/g); melatonin, glycofurol, and DMSO (20%, 40% w/w, 10 mg/g); and melatonin and DMSO (50% w/w, 1 mg/g). All three solutions were stored at 25°C for 45 days. Concentrations of melatonin in all solutions were measured through high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Melatonin demonstrated poor solubility in propylene glycol (3.6–3.8 mg/g) and better solubility in glycofurol (10.5–11.1 mg/g). All three formulations of the stability experiment showed no degradation of melatonin over 45 days. Discussion: Glycofurol and DMSO provide better solubility and stability than aqueous solutions. The formulations used in this experiment have adequate stability to be used in clinical trials.

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Propylene Glycol

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine

Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine

What is in? What is out? Updating the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy facial series*

Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol, glycofurol, and dimethyl sulfoxide

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