Prorocentrum minimum bloom and its possible link to a massive fish kill in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines

Azanza, Rhodora V.; Fukuyo, Yasuwo; Yap, Leni G.; Takayama, Haruyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2004.08.006

Cited by 85 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…This pressure is most acute in developing nations in tropical and subtropical regions where aquaculture of seaweeds is often seen as an alternative (and sustainable) economic activity to either growing species that require large inputs of artificial feeds or extractive harvesting in wild fisheries (Pickering et al 2007), both of which have typically had a large impact on the environment and which may be ecologically and economically unsustainable in the long term. Given large ecological pressures on coral reefs as a result of, for example, overfishing and pollution associated with aquaculture of species that require addition of nutrients (McManus 1997, Jackson et al 2001, Hughes et al 2003, Feng et al 2004, Azanza et al 2005, there is considerable ecological as well as socio-economic pressure to identify alternative and more sustainable livelihoods for human coastal populations. Aquaculture species that do not require exogenous inputs of nutrients, such as shellfish (Bell andGervis 1999, Feng et al 2004) and seaweeds (Feng et al 2004, Pickering et al 2007) are attractive on environmental grounds.…”

Section: Intentional Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Johnson

2007

Botm

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In the introduction of this special issue of Botanica Marina, we established the scope of this topic around a series of questions, which also provided a framework for integrating the different contributions and a means of highlighting deficiencies in knowledge and understanding (Johnson and Chapman 2007). In defining challenges for the future and suggesting how those challenges might best be tackled to optimize returns on research investment, it is useful to revisit those questions under four main headings dealing with species introductions per se, the invasion process, consequences of invasions and human responses to the threat and occurrence of invasion.

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Section: Intentional Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Johnson

2007

Botm

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“…DSP caused by P. micans was reported from the Galician Rías Altas, Spain, in 1978 and1979 [reviewed in 23]. In Philippines, bloom of this species had caused tones of milkfish mortality at the affected area [24]. Similar case was also reported in Turkey [25].…”

Section: Potentially Toxic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 52%

Harmful Microalgae Assemblage in the Aquaculture Area of Aman Island, Northen Strait of Malacca

Razali¹,

Chui²,

Hong³

et al. 2015

MJS

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A field survey was carried out in Aman Island, the northern Strait of Malacca, to investigate the occurrence of harmful microalgae. The area is known for marine finfish cage-culture and blood cockle farming. Plankton samples were collected fortnightly between July 2011 and September 2013. A total of 58 phytoplankton genera were recorded; 37 belong to the diatoms, and 21 genera were dinoflagellates. Harmful microalgae species were identified microscopically, of which nine are bloom-forming species that responsible for fish kills. These included Akashiwo sanguinea, Chaetoceros affinis, Cha. curvisetus, Cha. laevis, Ceratium furca, C. fusus, Cochlodinium sp., Karlodinium australe and Noctiluca scintillans. Three Alexandrium species were identified from the samples, i.e. A. leei, A. affine and Alexandrium sp. Pulau Aman; some species in the genus have been known to associate with Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)-toxin producers were also encountered in the water samples, viz. Dinophysis acuminata, D. caudata, Dinophysis sp. and Prorocentrum micans. The harmful diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. that associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), was commonly found in the water samples. Cell abundance of each harmful microalga was enumerated. The results showed that cell densities of harmful microalgae were relatively low throughout the sampling period. The microalgae community was dominated by Ceratium furca in May 2012, with cell densities exceeding 70,000 cells L-1; no fish kill event was reported during the time. Even though no fish kill or shellfish poisoning was reported in the area, he presence of harmful microalgae albeit at low cell densities, may pose a potential threat to human health and seafood biosecurity. Therefore, regular phytoplankton monitoring is necessary to safeguard human health and seafood industries in the country. Aman Island, an island in the northern part of the Straits of Malacca, is a very important marine finfish (grouper, snapper and sea bass) aquaculture area and blood cockle farming. In 2012, it produced 1.8 × 10 3 tonnes of marine fish valued RM 18.26 million (Department of Fisheries Malaysia). To date, there has been very limited baseline data on the occurrence of harmful algal bloom (HAB) in the waters surrounding Aman Island. Red discoloration of the coastal waters caused by the dinoflagellate, ABSTRAK

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“…Over the last two decades P. cordatum has established 593 itself as a dominant summer phytoplankton species in the Baltic Sea but so far there are no 594 reports of toxic blooms (Hajdu et al, 2000). However, for the first time a P. cordatum bloom was 595 recorded in February 2002 at Bolinao, Northern Philippines and was coincident with a mass 596 aquaculture fish kill resulting in losses estimated at US$120,000 (Azanza et al, 2005). Several 597 clones of P. cordatum were found to produce a water-soluble neuro-toxin during bloom decline 598 in culture studies (Grzebyk et al, 1997).…”

Section: Community Composition 524mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an autumn bloom in the Western English Channel

Keys

Tilstone

Findlay

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature were investigated during an autumn phytoplankton bloom in the Western English Channel (WEC). A full factorial 36-day microcosm experiment was conducted under year 2100 predicted temperature (+4.5&#8201;&#176;C) and pCO2 levels (800&#8201;&#956;atm). The starting phytoplankton community biomass was 110.2 (&#177;5.7&#8201;sd)&#8201;mg carbon (C)&#8201;m&#8722;3 and was dominated by dinoflagellates (~&#8201;50&#8201;%) with smaller contributions from nanophytoplankton (~&#8201;13&#8201;%), cryptophytes (~&#8201;11&#8201;%)and diatoms (~&#8201;9&#8201;%). Over the experimental period total biomass was significantly increased by elevated pCO2 (20-fold increase) and elevated temperature (15-fold increase). In contrast, the combined influence of these two factors had little effect on biomass relative to the ambient control. The phytoplankton community structure shifted from dinoflagellates to nanophytoplankton at the end of the experiment in all treatments. Under elevated pCO2 nanophytoplankton contributed 90% of community biomass and was dominated by Phaeocystis spp., while under elevated temperature nanophytoplankton contributed 85&#8201;% of the community biomass and was dominated by smaller nano-flagellates. Under ambient conditions larger nano-flagellates dominated while the smallest nanophytoplankton contribution was observed under combined elevated pCO2 and temperature (~&#8201;40&#8201;%). Dinoflagellate biomass declined significantly under the individual influences of elevated pCO2, temperature and ambient conditions. Under the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature, dinoflagellate biomass almost doubled from the starting biomass and there was a 30-fold increase in the harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Prorocentrum cordatum. Chlorophyll a normalised maximum photosynthetic rates (PBm) increased&#8201;>&#8201;6-fold under elevated pCO2 and&#8201;>&#8201;3-fold under elevated temperature while no effect on PBm was observed when pCO2 and temperature were elevated simultaneously. The results suggest that future increases in temperature and pCO2 do not appear to influence coastal phytoplankton productivity during autumn in the WEC which would have a negative feedback on atmospheric CO2.

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Prorocentrum minimum bloom and its possible link to a massive fish kill in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines

Cited by 85 publications

References 1 publication

Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Harmful Microalgae Assemblage in the Aquaculture Area of Aman Island, Northen Strait of Malacca

Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an autumn bloom in the Western English Channel

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Prorocentrum minimum bloom and its possible link to a massive fish kill in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines

Cited by 85 publications

References 1 publication

Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Harmful Microalgae Assemblage in the Aquaculture Area of Aman Island, Northen Strait of Malacca

Effects of elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an autumn bloom in the Western English Channel

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Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an autumn bloom in the Western English Channel