Prose

Abstract

The study of paraconsistent reasoning with ontologies is especially important for the Semantic Web since knowledge is not always perfect within it. However, classical OWL reasoners cannot support reasoning with inconsistent ontologies. In this article, the authors present a plugin-based framework called prose to provide rich paraconsistent reasoning services for OWL ontologies, whose architecture contains the three following parts: a classical OWL reasoner, a multi-valued transformer, and an OWL API connecting with them. Within the proposed framework prose, they implement different multi-valued paraconsistent reasoning in the OWL. Moreover, they select three popular classical OWL reasoners and two typical kinds of reasoning services for users. As the authors excepted, prose does exactly enable current classical OWL reasoners to tolerate inconsistency in a simple and convenient way. Finally, they evaluate the three reasoners in a united framework (prose) and, as a result, those results can amend the analysis of the three reasoners on inconsistent ontologies.

Minimally inconsistent reasoning in Semantic Web

“…The implementation of this framework is beyond this paper. There are some paraconsistent reasoners with ontologies such as ParOWL [ 43 ], PROSE [ 26 , 30 ], and QC-OWL [ 47 ]. In this paper, we have developed a new tableaux for multi-valued DLs and showed that the tableau is sound and complete for the minimally inconsistent DL.…”

“…Our minimally inconsistent DL satisfies some useful properties, such as disjunctive syllogism (DS), resolution and non-monotonicity (see Table 2 ) which are failed by those paraconsistent DLs based on multi-valued DLs. The quasi-classical DL in [ 26 , 28 , 30 ] is a major variant of paraconsistent DLs, in which two semantics, namely weak semantics and strong semantics, are introduced to characterize quasi-classical semantics so that DS and resolution valid. There are some similarities and differences between minimally inconsistent semantics and quasi-classical semantics.…”