Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Breeding: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities

Santra, Dipak K.; Khound, Rituraj; Das, Saurav

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23108-8_6

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Small millets are mostly grown as rainfed crops, and are considerably affected by drought due to the failure of monsoon. In addition to drought, lodging is major problem in all small millets, mainly due to their soft stalk, crop management and environmental factors [146,171,175]. There is no direct estimate of yield loss in small millets due to lodging, [161].…”

Section: Small Millets Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lodging is genotype-dependent and influenced by the environment, therefore developing cultivars with improved lodging resistance is essential to minimize yield and quality losses. Another important trait for small millets is shattering [146]. Significant yield losses occur due to grain shattering in small millets, therefore shattering-resistant/tolerant small millets will be critical to prevent shattering-induced yield losses.…”

Section: Small Millets Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in India, of the 248 varieties of six small millets (finger millet-121, foxtail millet-32, proso millet-24, kodo millet-33, barnyard millet-18 and little millet-20), about 65% were released following selection from landraces, about 30% through pedigree selection, and 5% through mutation breeding [3]. In the USA, 11 proso millet cultivars were released following selection from landraces and 8 following pedigree selection [146,147].…”

Section: Conventional Breeding Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led to the release of several cultivars such as Sunup, Dawn, Cerise, Rise, Early bird, Hutsman, Sunrise, Horizon, and Plateau, which resulted in significant improvement in proso millet productivity. In the USA, 18 cultivars of proso millet are available to growers, 10 of which are landraces while remaining 8 are developed through hybridization [60,146,147]. Foxtail millet is cultivated as a catch crop, especially for fodder and pet food for caged and wild birds.…”

Section: Global Status Of Small Millets Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions

Vetriventhan

Azevedo

Upadhyaya

et al. 2020

Nucleus

117

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Current agricultural and food systems encourage research and development on major crops, neglecting regionally important minor crops. Small millets include a group of small-seeded cereal crops of the grass family Poaceae. This includes finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, teff, fonio, job's tears, guinea millet, and browntop millet. Small millets are an excellent choice to supplement major staple foods for crop and dietary diversity because of their diverse adaptation on marginal lands, less water requirement, lesser susceptibility to stresses, and nutritional superiority compared to major cereal staples. Growing interest among consumers about healthy diets together with climate-resilient features of small millets underline the necessity of directing more research and development towards these crops. Except for finger millet and foxtail millet, and to some extent proso millet and teff, other small millets have received minimal research attention in terms of development of genetic and genomic resources and breeding for yield enhancement. Considerable breeding efforts were made in finger millet and foxtail millet in India and China, respectively, proso millet in the United States of America, and teff in Ethiopia. So far, five genomes, namely foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, teff, and Japanese barnyard millet, have been sequenced, and genome of foxtail millet is the smallest (423-510 Mb) while the largest one is finger millet (1.5 Gb). Recent advances in phenotyping and genomics technologies, together with available germplasm diversity, could be utilized in small millets improvement. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the importance of small millets, the global status of their germplasm, diversity, promising germplasm resources, and breeding approaches (conventional and genomic approaches) to accelerate climate-resilient and nutrient-dense small millets for sustainable agriculture, environment, and healthy food systems.

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Section: Small Millets Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Millets Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Breeding Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Status Of Small Millets Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions

Vetriventhan

Azevedo

Upadhyaya

et al. 2020

Nucleus

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In proso millet, genetic diversity of the available germplasm has been studied using phenotypic (morphological, agronomical, and seed nutrients) and genotypic data (Hunt et al, 2011 ; Johnson et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Rajput & Santra, 2016 ; Upadhyaya et al, 2011 ; Vetriventhan et al, 2019 ). Prior to the recent genome sequence (Shi et al, 2019 ; Zou et al, 2019 ), the genomic resources of proso millet were limited to non‐sequence‐based DNA markers (e.g., RAPD, AFLP, and SSR) (Khound & Santra, 2020 ; Santra et al, 2019 ) and sequence‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Johnson et al, 2019 ; Rajput et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Yue et al, 2016 ). Since the whole genome was published, several populations of proso millet lines have been genotyped for larger numbers of SNPs using either restricted‐site associated DNA (RAD‐seq) to genotype 2,412 segregating SNP markers or specific‐locus amplified fragment (SLAF‐seq) to genotype up to 126,822 SNP markers (Boukail et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNP discovery in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) using low‐pass genome sequencing

et al. 2022

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Domesticated $10,000 years ago in northern China, Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a climate-resilient and human health-promoting cereal crop. The genome size of this self-pollinated allotetraploid is 923 Mb. Proso millet seeds are an important part of the human diet in many countries. In the USA, its use is restricted to the birdseed and pet food market. Proso millet is witnessing gradual demand in the global human health and wellness food market owing to its health-promoting properties such as low glycemic index and gluten-free. The breeding efforts for developing improved proso millet cultivars are hindered by the dearth of genomic resources available to researchers. The publication of the reference genome and availability of costeffective NGS methodologies could lead to the identification of high-quality genetic variants, which can be incorporated into breeding pipelines. Here, we report the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by low-pass (1Â) genome sequencing of 85 diverse proso millet accessions from 23 different countries. The 2 Â 150 bp Illumina paired-end reads generated after sequencing were aligned to the proso millet reference genome. The resulting sequence alignment information was used to call SNPs. We obtained 972,863 bi-allelic SNPs after quality filtering of the raw SNPs. These SNPs were used to assess the population structure and phylogenetic relationships among the accessions. Most of the accessions were found to be highly inbred with heterozygosity ranging between .05 and .20. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (principal component) and PC2 explained 19% of the variability in the population. PCA also clustered all the genotypes into three groups.A neighbor-joining tree clustered the genotypes into four distinct groups exhibiting diverse representation within the population. The SNPs identified in our study could be used for molecular breeding and genetics research (e.g., genetic and association mapping, and population genetics) in proso millet after proper validation.

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Production and cultivation dynamics of millets in India

Yadav,

Singh,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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Millets gained a great attention at the global level in 2023 which is celebrated as the “International Year of Millets” to create awareness to eventually promote consumption and production. An attempt is made here to understand the cultivation and production dynamics of millets as influenced by their demand and supply. We also assess challenges and emerging opportunities to make millets more productive, competitive, and relevant to future farming. Millets registered a 60% decline in area and a 200% rise in productivity, but production has remained the same during the last seven decades. The demand of millets decreased as food due to greater incentives (purchasing grain at a pre‐determined price) and policies (distribution of grains to the public at a subsidized rate) in favor of wheat and rice. Millets would play a greater role in future agriculture due to challenges posed by climate change, limited water supply, and reduced agro‐biodiversity. This would need a much greater intensity of investment in millet research and adequate support as extended to wheat and rice. Increased emphasis on their genetic improvement and agronomic management is required to develop cultivars, using new tools and technologies, with high production potential and adequate environmental adaptation to make millets competitive with other crops. Mainstreaming the nutritional traits in millet breeding is also critically important to develop high‐yielding cultivars with improved grain quality traits. Promoting millet consumption would remain the key issue for increasing their demand as food, feed, and industrial raw materials through policies and awareness programs. Strengthening of value chain will help in diversifying agri‐food production system and creating an ecosystem for millet promotion.

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Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Breeding: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 30 publications

References 96 publications

Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions

Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions

SNP discovery in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) using low‐pass genome sequencing

Production and cultivation dynamics of millets in India

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