“…In the current study, a routinization prediction would be a consistent distinction for speech features in human- and technology-DS, such as those paralleling increased vocal effort in response to a communicative barrier (increased duration, pitch, and intensity in technology-DS). As mentioned, prior studies have found adults’ technology register adjustments are often louder 15 , 19 , 20 , have longer productions/slower rate 10 , 17 , 18 , 44 , and have differences in pitch 15 , 18 , 19 , 23 , 44 from human-directed registers. Furthermore, a routinization prediction would be that, given their different experiences with systems, adults and children will vary in their device and human-directed registers.…”