Prosopagnosia and facial discrimination

Benton, Arthur L.; Allen, Maurice W. Van

doi:10.1016/0022-510x(72)90004-4

Cited by 184 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In Table 1 we report the prosopagnosic subjects' scores on the Warrington Recognition Memory Test (Warrington, 1984), the Benton Face Recognition Test (Benton and Van Allen, 1972), and the assessment of facial recognition on a famous face familiarity test (Barton et al, 2001). Representative MRI scans are shown in Figure 1, and anatomic templates in Figure 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of the fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus in processing facial attractiveness: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence

et al. 2008

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Current cognitive models suggest that the processing of dynamic facial attributes, including social signals such as gaze direction and facial expression, involves the superior temporal sulcus, whereas the processing of invariant facial structure such as the individuals' identity involves the fusiform face area. Where facial attractiveness, a social signal that may emerge from invariant facial structure, is processed within this dual-route model of face perception is uncertain. Here, we present two studies. First, we investigated the explicit judgments of facial attractiveness and attractiveness-motivated behaviour in patients with acquired prosopagnosia, a deficit in familiar face recognition usually associated with damage to medial occipitotemporal cortex. We found that both abilities were impaired in these patients, with some weak residual ability for attractiveness judgments found only in those patients with unilateral right occipitotemporal or bilateral anterior temporal lesions. Importantly, deficits in attractiveness perception correlated with the severity of the face recognition deficit. Second, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy subjects that included an implicit and explicit processing of facial attractiveness. We found increased neural activity when explicitly judging facial attractiveness within a number of cortical regions including the fusiform face area, but not the superior temporal sulcus, indicating a potential contribution of the fusiform face area to this judgment. Thus, converging neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence points to a critical role of the inferior occipitotemporal cortex in the processing of facial attractiveness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of the fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus in processing facial attractiveness: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence

et al. 2008

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“…Schizophrenia patients also demonstrate difficulty identifying obscured or incomplete images of common ob-jects [103,104] and filling in missing gaps in speech [105], and are more hindered in identifying faces by superficial differences in the face images (e.g., lighting conditions and visual angle) compared to controls [106,107]. In the same vein, schizophrenia patients are more likely to perceive the image of a concave face when presented using the Binocular Depth Inversion Test (BDIT), rather than automatically invert the image into a standard convex face, as healthy controls typically do [108].…”

Section: Possible Phenomenological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Nelson

Sass

2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

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Phenomenological research indicates that disturbance of the basic sense of self may be a core phenotypic marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Basic self-disturbance refers to disruption of the sense of ownership of experience and agency of action and is associated with a variety of anomalous subjective experiences. Little is known about the neurocognitive correlates of basic selfdisturbance. In this paper, we review recent phenomenological and neurocognitive research and point to a convergence of these approaches around the concept of self-disturbance. Specifically, we propose that subjective anomalies associated with basic selfdisturbance may be associated with: 1. source monitoring deficits, which may contribute particularly to disturbances of "ownership" and "mineness" (the phenomenological notion of presence) and 2. aberrant salience, and associated disturbances of memory, prediction, and attention processes, which may contribute to hyper-reflexivity, disturbed "grip" or "hold" on the perceptual and conceptual field, and disturbances of intuitive social understanding ("common sense"). These two streams of research are reviewed in turn before considering ways forward in integrative models, particularly regarding the role of early neurodevelopmental disturbances, primary versus secondary disturbances, and the state versus trait nature of such pathology. Empirical studies are required in a variety of populations in order to test the proposed associations between phenomenological and neurocognitive aspects of self-disturbance in schizophrenia. An integration of findings across the phenomenological and neurocognitive domains would represent a significant advance in the understanding of schizophrenia and possibly enhance early identification and intervention strategies.

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“…2 In 22 of these cases, unfamiliar face recognition was tested only with the BFRT and/or the RMF [4,5,9,12,16,[17][18][19][20]23,28,30,35,36,47,48]. Because we have demonstrated that normal scores on these tests do not require intact unfamiliar face recognition, these cases should no longer be considered support for the dissociation.…”

Section: Implications For Theories Of Normal Face Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of two commonly used tests of unfamiliar face recognition

2003

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The Warrington Recognition Memory for Faces (RMF) and the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) are commercially available tests that are commonly used by clinicians and cognitive neuropsychologists to evaluate unfamiliar face recognition. Yet, it is not clear that a normal score on either instrument demonstrates normal unfamiliar face recognition. Because the RMFs stimuli contain abundant non-internal facial feature information, subjects may be able to score in the normal range without using internal facial features. On the BFRT, subjects commonly rely on feature matching strategies using the hairline and eyebrows rather than recognizing the facial configuration. To test whether these routes to recognition can support normal performance, normal subjects were tested with versions of the RMF and the BFRT in which the faces had been painted over in a way that prevented the operation of some of the procedures normally involved with face recognition. Even though these modifications removed all of the internal feature information in the RMF, many subjects scored in the normal range, and despite precluding the use of configural processing in the BFRT, many of the scores were in the normal range. As a result, it is apparent that normal scores on these tests do not demonstrate normal unfamiliar face recognition and so clinicians should be cautious in interpreting scores in the normal range. Finally, these results place in question models supported by dissociations involving normal performance on these tests.

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Prosopagnosia and facial discrimination

Cited by 184 publications

References 10 publications

The contribution of the fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus in processing facial attractiveness: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence

The contribution of the fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus in processing facial attractiveness: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

An evaluation of two commonly used tests of unfamiliar face recognition

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