Prospection of Fungal Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Produced from Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seeds: Scaling for Bioreactor and Saccharification Profile of Sugarcane Bagasse

Abstract

The lignocellulosic biomass comprises three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Degradation and conversion of these three components are attractive to biotechnology. This study aimed to prospect fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes with potential industrial applications, produced through a temporal analysis using Hymenaea courbaril and Tamarindus indica seeds as carbon sources. α-L-arabinofuranosidase, acetyl xylan esterase, endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase, β-D-galactosidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-glucanase, β-D-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, lichenase, mannanase, polygalacturonase, endo-1,4-β-xylanase, and xyloglucanase activities were determined. The enzymes were produced for eight filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Trametes hirsuta, Lasiodiplodia sp., two strains of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Neocosmospora perseae, Fusarium sp. and Thermothelomyces thermophilus. The best producers concerning enzymatic activity were T. thermophilus and T. longibrachiatum. The optimal conditions for enzyme production were the media supplemented with tamarind seeds, under agitation, for 72 h. This analysis was essential to demonstrate that cultivation conditions, static and under agitation, exert strong influences on the production of several enzymes produced by different fungi. The kind of sugarcane, pretreatment used, microorganisms, and carbon sources proved limiting sugar profile factors.

Enzymatic Pretreatment with Laccases from Lentinus sajor-caju Induces Structural Modification in Lignin and Enhances the Digestibility of Tropical Forage Grass (Panicum maximum) Grown under Future Climate Conditions

“…In addition, ligninolytic enzyme activities were measured as previously described [46]. Cellulases and hemicellulases activities were also determined using their respective substrates (synthetic and naturals) (Table S1), as describe by Contato et al, (2021) [2].…”

“…The increasing global consumption of fossil fuels by 50% in the next five decades, the price hikes, and the greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) generated by them, accelerate climate change and has shifted the research efforts on developing new alternatives of renewable fuels and chemicals [1]. The abundant availability and high holocellulose content of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) provide a sustainable, cheap, and carbon-neutral emission option to produce renewable fuels and chemicals within the new biorefinery and circular economy concept [2].…”

Prospection of Psychrotrophic Filamentous Fungi Isolated from the High Andean Paramo Region of Northern Ecuador: Enzymatic Activity and Molecular Identification

“…To measure enzyme activity, the crude enzyme extract was mixed with respective water-diluted substrates to obtain activity over time. The amount of released p-nitrophenol as a result of enzyme cleavage was measured for the following substrates: p-nitrophenol-β-D-glycopyranoside (β-D-glucosidase measurement), p-nitrophenol-β-D-xylanopyranoside (β-D-xylosidase measurement), and p-nitrophenol-β-D-cellobiose (exoglucanase measurement) (all substrates obtained from Sigma--Aldrich ® ) used in the following relation: 25 µL substrate, 10 µL sodium acetate buffer 50 mM pH 5.0, and 15 µL crude extract [34].…”

Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Bioenergy in a Climate Change Scenario

“…Although the enzymatic process is still under development to achieve economic feasibility, it has been shown to be the best choice over the past few years as it is, by nature, a more specific and ecological process. In this way, by presenting milder operating conditions, there is a reduction in the formation of inhibitory biological compounds [ 10 , 15 , 87 ].…”

“…In general, these systems are produced and secreted by microorganisms, mainly filamentous fungi, which have developed cellular secretory mechanisms. Several biomasses have been reported as potentially producing bioenergy, such as sugarcane bagasse [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], corn residues [ 16 , 17 ], paper sludge, and eucalyptus chips [ 18 , 19 ]. This review provides an overview of the impacts of plant responses to abiotic stress in cell wall properties and biomass digestibility, reporting the key challenges to be faced on the use of lignocellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy purposes in climate change scenarios.…”