Prospective analysis for community participation in trypanosomosis control in The Gambia

Somda, Jacques; Kamuanga, Mulumba; Tollens, Éric

doi:10.1007/s11250-006-4308-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A sense of group cohesion [39] and enthusiasm were identified as additional important elements. Furthermore a study on community participation in efforts against animal trypanosomiasis in Gambia suggested that farmers are more community-oriented than individualistic, when expressing preferences for disease control scheme [40]. A community-centred and culturally sensitive approach in tsetse control has been shown to contribute significantly to the reduction of tsetse flies and incidence of HAT in previous research [19]–[21], [24], [41], [42] and our findings underline the importance of understanding anthropological factors if the full benefits of vector control are to be realized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Acceptance of Tsetse Control Baits: A Qualitative Study in Arua District, North West Uganda

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThere is renewed vigour in efforts to eliminate neglected tropical diseases including sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis or HAT), including attempts to develop more cost-effective methods of tsetse control. In the West Nile region of Uganda, newly designed insecticide-treated targets are being deployed over an area of ∼500 km2. The operational area covers villages where tsetse control has not been conducted previously. The effectiveness of the targets will depend, in part, on their acceptance by the local community.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe assessed knowledge, perceptions and acceptance of tsetse baits (traps, targets) in villages where they had or had not been used previously. We conducted sixteen focus group discussions with male and female participants in eight villages across Arua District. Discussions were audio recorded, translated and transcribed. We used thematic analysis to compare the views of both groups and identify salient themes.Conclusions/SignificanceDespite the villages being less than 10 km apart, community members perceived deployed baits very differently. Villagers who had never seen traps before expressed fear, anxiety and panic when they first encountered them. This was related to associations with witchcraft and “ghosts from the river” which are traditionally linked with physical or mental illness, death and misfortune. By contrast, villagers living in areas where traps had been used previously had positive attitudes towards them and were fully aware of their purpose and benefits. The latter group reported that they had similar negative perceptions when tsetse control interventions first started a decade ago. Our results suggest that despite their proximity, acceptance of traps varies markedly between villages and this is related to the duration of experience with tsetse control programs. The success of community-based interventions against tsetse will therefore depend on early engagements with communities and carefully designed sensitization campaigns that reach all communities, especially those living in areas new to such interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Acceptance of Tsetse Control Baits: A Qualitative Study in Arua District, North West Uganda

et al. 2013

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“…These studies describe the uses and misuses of drugs by farmers and animal health workers as a consequence of their knowledge and perceptions of diseases and drugs. They provide information on farmers' perceptions and self-assessment of veterinary drug-dispensing services [see for example Somda et al ( 34 ) for Gambia; Enahoro et al ( 33 ) for Ghana and Tanzania; Machila et al ( 35 , 37 ) and Higham et al ( 36 ) for Kenya; Moffo et al ( 8 ) for Cameroon; Soudre et al ( 38 ) for Burkina Faso]. Many of these studies highlight farmers' lack of knowledge, awareness, or compliance ( 39 , 40 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Veterinary Drugs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Roadblocks and Current Solutions

2022

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BackgroundAccess to veterinary drugs for livestock has become a major issue over the last decade. Analysis has tended to focus on the demand for these products, while studies looking at the drivers behind their use generally focus on farmer behavior and interactions between veterinarians and farmers. However, the use of drugs also depends on structural factors that determine the functioning of the drug supply chain and farmers' access to the drugs. This article presents an overview of the factors that limit access to veterinary drugs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as well as the international policy tools and arrangements that claim to improve it.MethodsWe have conducted a scoping review of the scientific and grey literature as well as the publicly-available data from both the animal health industry and international organizations. We aimed to gather information on the veterinary drugs market in SSA as well as on the international norms, recommendations, guidelines, and initiatives that impact SSA farmers' access to these drugs.FindingsWe highlight numerous barriers to veterinary drug access in SSA. The SSA market is highly dependent on imports, yet the region attracts little attention from the international companies capable of exporting to it. It suffers from a high level of fragmentation and weak distribution infrastructures and services, and is driven by the multiplication of private non-professional actors playing a growing role in the veterinary drug supply chain. The distribution system is increasingly dualized, with on the one hand the public sector (supported by development organizations) supplying small scale farmers in rural areas, but with limited and irregular means; and on the other side a private sector largely unregulated which supplies commercial and industrial farming systems. Different innovations have been developed at the international and regional levels to try to reduce barriers, such as homogenizing national legislations, donations, and vaccine banks. Alongside decades-old inter-state cooperation, many new forms of public-private partnerships and other hybrid forums continue to emerge, signaling the private sector's increasing influence in global governance.ConclusionsPolicies on animal health would be bolstered by a better understanding of the drivers behind and the components of access to veterinary drugs in different regional and national contexts. Inequalities in drug access need to be addressed and a market-driven approach adopted in order to strengthen our understanding of what determines veterinary drug use at the farm level. Policies should balance the interests of the various stakeholders, being careful not to reinforce bias toward certain diseases deemed “interesting” and neglect others that could prove to be highly important for veterinary public health.

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Integrated assessment of trypanosomosis challenge on cow health and milk based on The Gambia's agropastoralism

2022

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Prospective analysis for community participation in trypanosomosis control in The Gambia

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Community Acceptance of Tsetse Control Baits: A Qualitative Study in Arua District, North West Uganda

Community Acceptance of Tsetse Control Baits: A Qualitative Study in Arua District, North West Uganda

Access to Veterinary Drugs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Roadblocks and Current Solutions

Integrated assessment of trypanosomosis challenge on cow health and milk based on The Gambia's agropastoralism

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