Prospective and retrospective timing in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mioni, Giovanna; Román-Caballero, Rafael; Clerici, Jacopo; Capizzi, Mariagrazia

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113354

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…From these studies, we can surmise that prospective and retrospective timing capacities are not uniformly impaired in AD—a proposal that is borne out in a recent meta-analysis of timing disturbances in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD [ 95 ]. Although multiple findings suggest aberrant time perception in AD, a direct comparison across different methodologies is lacking, as is a systematic examination of how subtle changes in task design impact timing performance in dementia [ 9 ].…”

Section: Time Perception In Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Time in Dementia: A Critical Review

2021

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The capacity for subjective time in humans encompasses the perception of time’s unfolding from moment to moment, as well as the ability to traverse larger temporal expanses of past- and future-oriented thought via mental time travel. Disruption in time perception can result in maladaptive outcomes—from the innocuous lapse in timing that leads to a burnt piece of toast, to the grievous miscalculation that produces a traffic accident—while disruption to mental time travel can impact core functions from planning appointments to making long-term decisions. Mounting evidence suggests that disturbances to both time perception and mental time travel are prominent in dementia syndromes. Given that such disruptions can have severe consequences for independent functioning in everyday life, here we aim to provide a comprehensive exposition of subjective timing dysfunction in dementia, with a view to informing the management of such disturbances. We consider the neurocognitive mechanisms underpinning changes to both time perception and mental time travel across different dementia disorders. Moreover, we explicate the functional implications of altered subjective timing by reference to two key and representative adaptive capacities: prospective memory and intertemporal decision-making. Overall, our review sheds light on the transdiagnostic implications of subjective timing disturbances in dementia and highlights the high variability in performance across clinical syndromes and functional domains.

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Section: Time Perception In Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Time in Dementia: A Critical Review

2021

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“…In our study, we observed higher variability in stimulant-dependent participants than in controls. Similarly, temporal dysfunctions in patients with brain lesions [ 19 ] as well as in healthy [ 20 ] and pathological aging [ 21 ] patients have been mainly related to deficits in cognitive functions involved in temporal processing (i.e., working memory, attention, and executive functions) rather than to an impairment in time perception caused by a compromised internal clock. The higher variability often observed in patients has been interpreted as difficulty in maintaining a stable representation of duration caused by frontally-mediated dysfunction [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We predicted temporal overestimation in stimulant-dependent patients consistent with the effect of a stimulant on clock speed [ 5 ]. We also predicted higher temporal variability in stimulant-dependent patients compared to control due to more variable temporal representation in patients caused by compromised cognitive abilities involved in temporal processing [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. To test our hypothesis, we employed a time bisection task, in which, participants are instructed to categorize temporal intervals as being more similar to the short or to the long standard intervals previously learned [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Time Perception in Cocaine-Dependent Patients

et al. 2022

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The involvement of the dopamine system in modulating time perception has been widely reported. Clinical conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, addictions) that alter dopaminergic signaling have been shown to affect motor timing and perceived duration. The present study aimed at investigating whether the effects of chronic stimulant use on temporal processing are time-interval dependent. All participants performed two different time bisection tasks (480/1920 ms and 1200/2640 ms) in which we analysed the proportion of long responses for each stimulus duration as well as an index of perceived duration and one of sensitivity. Regarding the proportion of long responses, we found no differences between groups in either time bisection task but patients had more variable results than controls did in both tasks. This study provides new insight into temporal processing in stimulant-dependent patients. Regardless of the time interval tested, the results showed comparable temporal ability in patients and controls, but higher temporal variability in patients. This finding is consistent with impairment of frontally-mediated cognitive functions involved in time perception rather than impairment in time processing per se.

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“…Support for a secondary cognitive deficit of older adults in timing tasks also comes from studies of pathological aged populations such as, for example, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Relative to age-matched controls, AD patients–who are known to present severe cognitive deficits [ 11 , 12 ]–perform poorly on explicit timing tasks (see [ 13 , 14 ] for reviews). As will become clear below, the main goal of the present study on older adults was to elucidate the role of age and cognitive decline in explicit and implicit timing tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and implicit timing in older adults: Dissociable associations with age and cognitive decline

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to test two common explanations for the general finding of age-related changes in the performance of timing tasks within the millisecond-to-second range intervals. The first explanation is that older adults have a real difficulty in temporal processing as compared to younger adults. The second explanation is that older adults perform poorly on timing tasks because of their reduced cognitive control functions. These explanations have been mostly contrasted in explicit timing tasks that overtly require participants to process interval durations. Fewer studies have instead focused on implicit timing tasks, where no explicit instructions to process time are provided. Moreover, the investigation of both explicit and implicit timing in older adults has been restricted so far to healthy older participants. Here, a large sample (N = 85) comprising not only healthy but also pathological older adults completed explicit (time bisection) and implicit (foreperiod) timing tasks within a single session. Participants’ age and cognitive decline, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were used as continuous variables to explain performance on explicit and implicit timing tasks. Results for the explicit timing task showed a flatter psychometric curve with increasing age or decreasing MMSE scores, pointing to a deficit at the level of cognitive control functions rather than of temporal processing. By contrast, for the implicit timing task, a decrease in the MMSE scores was associated with a reduced foreperiod effect, an index of implicit time processing. Overall, these findings extend previous studies on explicit and implicit timing in healthy aged samples by dissociating between age and cognitive decline (in the normal-to-pathological continuum) in older adults.

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Prospective and retrospective timing in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 105 publications

Subjective Time in Dementia: A Critical Review

Subjective Time in Dementia: A Critical Review

Time Perception in Cocaine-Dependent Patients

Explicit and implicit timing in older adults: Dissociable associations with age and cognitive decline

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