Prospective and Retrospective Timing Processes: Theories, Methods, and Findings

Block, Richard A.; Grondin, Simon; Zakay, Dan

doi:10.1163/9789004280205_003

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In the growing research field on interval perception the number of ways to measure subjective time are seemingly growing, too. As a researcher, one has to decide whether a task is retro-or prospective (e.g., Block et al, 2018), in which modality intervals are presented (e.g., auditory or visually; Wearden et al, 2006), how exactly intervals are presented (e.g., filled or empty; Grondin, 1993), the paradigm used (e.g., temporal reproduction, production, bisection, or comparison; for a review, see Grondin, 2010;Wearden, 2016), and how responses are being collected (e.g., verbal or motor responses; e.g., Block et al, 2018;Mioni, 2018). While subjective (distortions of) time perception may be captured no matter which choice was made regarding the listed options, often neglected from this choice are the potential differences in cognitive strategy or what representation of time underlies a given task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Damsma

Schlichting

Rijn

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

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In interval timing experiments, motor reproduction is the predominant method used when participants are asked to estimate an interval. However, it is unknown how its accuracy, precision and efficiency compare to alternative methods, such as indicating the duration by spatial estimation on a timeline. In two experiments, we compared different interval estimation methods. In the first experiment, participants were asked to reproduce an interval by means of motor reproduction, timeline estimation, or verbal estimation. We found that, on average, verbal estimates were more accurate and precise than line estimates and motor reproductions. However, we found a bias towards familiar whole second units when giving verbal estimates. Motor reproductions were more precise, but not more accurate than timeline estimates. In the second experiment, we used a more complex task: Participants were presented a stream of digits and one target letter and were subsequently asked to reproduce both the interval to target onset and the duration of the total stream by means of motor reproduction and timeline estimation. We found that motor reproductions were more accurate, but not more precise than timeline estimates. In both experiments, timeline estimates had the lowest reaction times. Overall, our results suggest that the transformation of time into space has only a relatively minor cost. In addition, they show that each estimation method comes with its own advantages, and that the choice of estimation method depends on choices in the experimental design: for example, when using durations with integer durations verbal estimates are superior, yet when testing long durations, motor reproductions are time intensive making timeline estimates a more sensible choice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Damsma

Schlichting

Rijn

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

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show abstract

“…A classic distinction in the literature on time processing is made between prospective and retrospective timing (Block et al, 2018). The first involves advance knowledge of the duration of the target interval to be timed; the second implies that it is not known in advance that time of a target has to be estimated (Block et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Processing, Interoception, and Insula Activation: A Mini-Review on Clinical Disorders

et al. 2020

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Time processing is a multifaceted skill crucial for managing different aspects of life. In the current work, we explored the relationship between interoception and time processing by examining research on clinical models. We investigated whether time processing deficits are associated with dysfunction of the interoceptive system and/or insular cortex activity, which is crucial in decoding internal body signaling. Furthermore, we explored whether insular activation predicts the subjective experience of time (i.e., the subjective duration of a target stimulus to be timed). Overall, our work suggests that alteration of the interoceptive system could be a common psychophysiological hallmark of mental disorders affected by time processing deficits.

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“…In the growing research field on interval perception the number of ways to measure subjective time are seemingly growing, too. As a researcher, one has to decide whether a task is retro-or prospective (e.g., Block, Grondin, & Zakay, 2018), in which modality intervals are presented (e.g., auditory or visually; Wearden, Todd, & Jones, 2006), how exactly intervals are presented (e.g., filled or empty; Grondin, 1993), the paradigm used (e.g., temporal reproduction, production, bisection, or comparison; for a review, see Grondin, 2010;Wearden, 2016), and how responses are being collected (e.g., verbal or motor responses; e.g., Block et al, 2018;Mioni, 2018). While subjective (distortions of) time perception may be captured no matter which choice was made regarding the listed options, often neglected from this choice are the potential differences in cognitive strategy or what representation of time underlies a given task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Damsma¹,

Schlichting²,

Rijn³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In interval timing experiments, motor reproduction is the predominant method used when participants are asked to estimate an interval. However, it is unknown how its accuracy, precision and efficiency compare to alternative methods, such as indicating the duration by spatial estimation on a timeline. In two experiments, we compared different interval estimation methods. In the first experiment, participants were asked to reproduce an interval by means of motor reproduction, timeline estimation, or verbal estimation. We found that, on average, verbal estimates were more accurate and precise than line estimates and motor reproductions. However, we found a bias towards familiar whole second units when giving verbal estimates. Motor reproductions were more precise, but not more accurate than timeline estimates. In the second experiment, we used a more complex task: Participants were presented a stream of digits and one target letters and were subsequently asked to reproduce both the interval to target onset and the duration of the total stream by means of motor reproduction and timeline estimation. We found that motor reproductions were more accurate, but not more precise than timeline estimates. In both experiments, timeline estimates had the lowest reaction times. Overall, our results suggest that the transformation of time into space has only a relatively minor cost. In addition, they show that each estimation method comes with its own advantages, and that the choice of estimation method depends on choices in the experimental design: for example, when using durations with integer durations verbal estimates are superior, yet when testing long durations, motor reproductions are time intensive making timeline estimates a more sensible choice.

show abstract

Prospective and Retrospective Timing Processes: Theories, Methods, and Findings

Abstract: Richard A. Block et al., ��8 | doi �0.��63/9789004�80�05_003 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License.

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Time Processing, Interoception, and Insula Activation: A Mini-Review on Clinical Disorders

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

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Prospective and Retrospective Timing Processes: Theories, Methods, and Findings

Abstract: Richard A. Block et al., ���8 | doi �0.��63/9789004�80�05_003 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License.

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Time Processing, Interoception, and Insula Activation: A Mini-Review on Clinical Disorders

Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Abstract: Richard A. Block et al., ��8 | doi �0.��63/9789004�80�05_003 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License.