Prospective evaluation of inpatient and outpatient bladder training in children with functional urinary incontinence

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Group vs Individual Urotherapy in Decreasing Symptoms Associated with Bladder-Bowel Dysfunction

“…5,7,10 If GU is to be considered a viable and financially prudent alternative to standard IU, we would caution against the use of such intense management regimens as first-line treatment. Our results reveal that regardless of the UT modality, symptoms improved.…”

“…To date, there have been only 2 prospective controlled studies that have shown the effectiveness of these intensive UT programs. 5,17 Unfortunately these studies were limited by 1) using a period of no treatment vs treatment for comparison and 2) using combined multiple UT approaches, which makes it difficult to evaluate the impact of each modality on improvement of BBD symptoms. 9 The limitations of our pilot trial, and most UT studies, are that it provides little new knowledge since the effectiveness of UT as a treatment option for BBD has been previously established.…”

“…Our findings suggest that the best way to deliver UT should be determined through discussion with parents or other health care providers. This issue calls into question the need for patients to undergo more intense UT programs such as those previously described, 5,17 at least as first-line treatment. Furthermore, we should adopt the most cost-effective UT program, which may be different for each institution, depending on resources and patient characteristics.…”

Long-term effects of a urotherapy training program in children with functional urinary incontinence: A 2-year follow-up

“…Six months after completion of training, the children were evaluated by means of a 6-month follow-up study, the results of which have been published elsewhere [17].…”

Prevalence and Psychiatric Comorbiditiesof Nocturnal Enuresis in a Sample of Basic Education Students in Sharkia Governorate

“…[2] There is a spontaneous resolution rate of about 15% per year. [3] The etiology of enuresis is not completely understood. This condition probably has a multifactor etiology.…”