Prospective memory and the efficacy of a memory strategy in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract

Prospective memory (PM), which is the ability to remember to carry out actions that are planned for the future, plays an important role in professional and social life as well as in activities of daily living. This study examined PM performance among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) and evaluated the efficacy of a mnemonic strategy, implementation intentions. Compared to controls, adults with MS were impaired on PM, both in terms of acting when encountering the correct circumstances (prospective component) and in terms of remembering the correct action to perform (retrospective component). The prospective-component deficit was greater for tasks that depended on more resource-demanding cognitive processes and smaller on tasks that could be performed more automatically. Use of implementation intentions improved MS-group performance on the prospective component, particularly on the more resource-demanding tasks, consistent with the explanation that implementation intentions improved performance by allowing the use of more automatic processes to perform these PM tasks. Implications for providing environmental support to encourage the use of mnemonic strategies are discussed.

Bridging the gap between goal intentions and actions: a systematic review in patient populations

“…Of these, 18 articles concerned 15 studies with a patient population and stated that an implementation intention had been used [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Two articles were excluded as they described the development of an intervention, an RCT protocol and its feasibility testing [63,64].…”

“…In addition, five had not used an RCT methodology [54,56,59,62,64]. These studies will be further discussed in the discussion section.…”

“…cardiac patients [49,52,55,57], orthopaedic rehabilitation in-patients [54], people with spinal cord injury [50], multiple sclerosis [59] and facial palsy [56,62], patients prescribed with antibiotics [58], and diabetes patients [61,63,64]). The goals in these studies were also diverse, including increasing physical activity levels [50,52,54,55], fruit and vegetable intake [49], adherence to medication [58], and self-monitoring of blood glucose [61];…”

External memory aids for memory problems in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review

“…Eight studies were conducted in community settings and one was conducted in a rehabilitation hospital. Allen et al (1995) Did not use external memory aids Allen et al (1998) Did not use external memory aids Beer and Kesselring (2009) Did not evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention Ben Ari et al (2012) Conference abstract; full article not yet published; data not available from author Brissart et al (2010) Did not use external memory aids Brissart et al (2011) Did not use external memory aids Brissart et al (2013) Did not use external memory aids das Nair et al (2012) Did not evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention Gich et al (2011) Did not use external memory aids Johnson et al (2009) Did not evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention Kardiasmenos et al (2008) Did not use external memory aids Kesselring (2004) Did not evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention Mantynen et al (2014) Did not use external memory aids Ramio et al (2010) Did not use external memory aids Rosti-Otajarvi and Hamalainen…”

“…These excluded studies are summarised in Table 2. Five studies were excluded as they did not evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention (Beer & Kesselring, 2009;Johnson, Bamer, Yorkston, & Amtmann, 2009;Kesselring, 2004;Rosti-Otajarvi & Hama-lainen, 2011), 11 studies did not instruct participants on the use of external memory aids (Allen, Goldstein, Heyman, & Rondinelli, 1998;Allen, Longmore, & Goldstein, 1995;Brissart, Leroy, & Debouverie, 2010;Brissart, Leroy, Morele, Baumann, & Debouv-erie, 2011;Brissart et al, 2013;Gich et al, 2011;Kardiasmenos, Clawson, Wilken, & Wallin, 2008;Mantynen et al, 2014;Ramio et al, 2010;Solari et al, 2004;Topcular et al, 2010), and one study had been presented as a work in progress at a conference and was not yet published and the data were not available from the author (Ben Ari, Hertzman, Mosberg-Galili, & Hellmann, 2012).…”